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耳膜穿孔

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鼓膜穿孔
同义词耳鼓膜穿孔, 鼓膜刺破, 鼓膜破裂
一个完全穿孔鼓膜,可见锤骨柄。
症状听力损失, 耳痛, 耳朵流脓, 耳鸣[1]
併發症长期听力损失, 胆脂瘤, 乳突炎[2]
起病年龄突发[2]
病因中耳感染, 外伤, 耳道压力骤然巨变[1][3]
診斷方法基于耳镜检查[1]
治療保守治疗, 控制感染, 外科手术[1]
预后[2]
患病率常见[2]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科耳鼻喉手术
ICD-11AB13
ICD-10H72、​S09.2
MedlinePlus001038
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

耳膜穿孔又称鼓膜穿孔,是指鼓膜不完整,上面有一个洞[1]。耳膜穿孔后可能会引起听力丧失、耳痛、流出渗出液,或者耳鸣 等相关症状[1]。部分患者伴有暂时性眩晕,如同时存在内耳损伤则眩晕症状可能会持续存在[2] [3]。耳膜穿孔还可能引起长期听力损失、胆脂瘤和乳突炎等并发症[2]

耳膜穿孔原因可能有中耳感染外伤(打耳朵或挖耳取出耵聍和异物等耳朵清理行为)、强噪声或外界大气压力剧烈变化(例如水肺潜水[1] [3]。可以通过用耳镜观察来诊断耳膜穿孔[1]。 必要时进行听力测试[3]

穿孔通常会自愈;建议穿孔自愈前要保持耳朵干燥[1] [3]。使用抗生素可以预防和治疗感染[1]。如果穿孔较大或穿孔两个月后仍未愈合,可以选择鼓膜修补术[1] [3]

鼓膜穿孔比较常见[2]。年轻人最容易出现鼓膜穿孔[2]。男性也比女性容易发生鼓膜穿孔[2]。鼓膜穿孔治疗历史长久,最早可以追溯到 17世纪40 年代,当时是在穿孔的耳朵中放入耳塞进行治疗[4] [5]

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Perforated eardrum. nhs.uk. 23 October 2017 [27 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于24 March 2022) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Dolhi, N; Weimer, AD. Tympanic Membrane Perforations. January 2022. PMID 32491810. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Eardrum Perforation - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders. Merck Manuals Consumer Version. [27 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于12 November 2021) (加拿大英语). 
  4. ^ Watkinson, John C.; Clarke, Ray W. Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery: Volume 2: Paediatrics, The Ear, and Skull Base Surgery. CRC Press. 12 June 2018: PT2310 [28 April 2022]. ISBN 978-1-351-39899-2. (原始内容存档于28 April 2022) (英语). 
  5. ^ Sarkar, Saurav. Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A New Horizon. JP Medical Ltd. 28 May 2016: PA53 [28 April 2022]. ISBN 978-93-85891-62-5. (原始内容存档于28 April 2022) (英语). 
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耳膜穿孔
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