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宇妥·元丹贡布

宇妥·元丹贡布

宇妥·元丹贡布(708年—833年,一说729年—853年)是一名吐蕃的医生[1],藏医学奠基人,據說他的曾祖洛哲希宁曾經擔任過松贊干布的太醫。宇妥·元丹贡布編寫過藏醫著作《四部醫典》以及《原藥十八種》、《脈學師承記》等醫學著作[2]

宇妥·元丹贡布出生在前藏堆龙·吉那的医学世家。他的祖父斋杰加嘎尔巴札是芒松芒赞御医,父亲宇妥·琼布多杰是赤都松御医。他三岁随父学习藏文,听讲医理。五岁学习《甘露化学》和《药师佛修习法》等佛教密乘,开始随父行医。十岁任王子赤松德赞的御医。据说他医德高尚,曾为仇家根居之女医治难症。

他谦虚好学,二十岁向汉医家东松冈瓦学习治疗癫症、痉症、狂犬症等医术。二十五岁外出学医,向尼泊尔名医达纳释拉哈学习《热症特殊治法》《喘症休息疗法》。向天竺名医班钦·旃陀罗比学习《医续补篇·珍珠鬘》《医续目录·明灯》,向美旺学习《体腔穴窍分指》《刀针关键锁钥》等医学论著。三十五岁再次往天竺,跟随班钦、美旺及米哲赞扎德瓦学习。

他曾遭苯教徒陷害,大臣那囊氏害他下狱,流放珞隅,后被赤松德赞迎归。三十八岁第三次至天竺学习,又跟随美旺学习《医术十万》《医续晶鉴》《月王药诊补遗》等,跟随班钦学习《仙人耳传》和《八支论》。历时四年返回吐蕃。

他行医治病,广授门徒,吐蕃赞普赐予塔工琼三地为封地。在工布曼隆沟建寺院,培养医生,炮制成药,搜集民间验方。先后往返于拉萨、叶尔瓦、工布、阿里、萨迦等地游学行医,并至汉地五台山朝圣,跟随僧医山人阿尔雅学习《配方宝鬘》和《内科疏义》等特殊的医训教言。相传曾治愈尼泊尔国王哈答,克什米尔国王祖木哈若。

四十五岁时,以吐蕃医学为基础,博采汉医学、天竺医学,历经十年,撰成《四部医典》,为藏医药学发展奠定了理论基础。五十五岁,前往工布,收徒讲授《四部医典》,弟子众多,其中有本然巴学级的名医五十人,然觉巴学级的名医五十人,噶居瓦学级的名医一百人。[3]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Institute for Traditional Medicine: Tibetan Herbal Medicine页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Subhuti Dharmananda
  2. ^ 《中国文化辞典》页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).施宣圆等主编 上海:上海社会科学院出版社 1987 第550页.
  3. ^ 高文德主编《中国民族史人物辞典》第173页
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宇妥·元丹贡布
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