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翼肢鲎属

翼肢鲎属
化石时期:428–372.2 Ma
志留紀泥盆紀
英格蘭翼肢鱟 Pterygotus anglicus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
目: 板足鲎目 Eurypterida
科: 翼肢鱟科 Pterygotidae
属: 翼肢鲎属 Pterygotus

見內文

翼肢鱟學名Pterygotus),又名翼鱟,是已知第二大的廣翅鱟

特徵

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翼肢鱟的底部。

翼肢鱟可以長達2.3,有一對明顯的複眼中央另有一對較細小的眼睛,共有四對,第五對對演化成用來划的槳,另有一對螯可以捕捉獵物。生殖器官位於最前六節的背片(即尾巴部份)。

翼肢鱟的外骨骼有半月形的鱗片。尾節較闊,沿中央有明顯的[1]螯大而且長,爪上有鋸齒,遠端邊緣彎曲。頭部呈梯形及圓角,複眼位於前方兩角。用來行走的腳細小而幼長,腳上沒有刺。[1]

習性

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翼肢鱟有一對大眼,可見牠們是靠視覺來捕捉獵物的。翼肢鱟是游泳的能手,在水中非常靈活。牠們會用漿來游水,並以尾巴加速。其尾巴的擺動就像鯨魚的尾巴一般,可以幫助牠們在水中推進。其腳可以幫助控制及穩定其身體。

翼肢鱟棲息在淺海岸區,獵食魚類三葉蟲及其他細小的動物。牠們會藏於砂中,埋伏伺機以其前腳來捕獵獵物。牠們是古生代海洋中其中一種顶级掠食者

翼肢鱟不像細小的廣翅鱟可以離開水面到陸地脫殼或繁殖。牠們可以到淡水區域,如遷徙到湖泊河流覓食。

化石紀錄

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翼肢鱟最初於志留紀出現,卻於泥盆紀早至中期消失。牠們與較大的傑克羅普鱟英语Jaekelopterus淡水斯利蒙鱟英语Slimonia有關。翼肢鱟的化石在多個大洲都有發現,唯獨南極洲沒有。牠們的化石較為普遍,但完整的卻很稀有。牠們衰落的原因可能與脫殼時行動較緩慢有關。[2]

物種

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  • 英格蘭翼肢鱟 Pterygotus anglicus
    • = Pterygotus atlanticus
    • = Pterygotus minor
  • 弓翼肢鱟 Pterygotus arcuatus
  • ?奧地利翼肢鱟 Pterygotus australis
  • 巴兰德翼肢鱟 Pterygotus barrandei
    • = Pterygotus beraunensis
  • 玻利維亞翼肢鱟 Pterygotus bolivianus
  • 卡曼氏翼肢鱟 Pterygotus carmani
  • 科布氏翼肢鱟 Pterygotus cobbi
  • 細齒翼肢鱟 Pterygotus denticulatus
  • 佛羅里達翼肢鱟 Pterygotus floridanus
  • 加斯佩翼肢鱟 Pterygotus gaspesiensis
  • ?大齒翼肢鱟 Pterygotus grandidentatus
  • ?豪威爾氏翼肢鱟 Pterygotus howelli
  • ?不安翼肢鱟 Pterygotus impacatus
  • 科帕尼那翼肢鱟 Pterygotus kopaninensis
  • 拉奈克翼肢鱟 Pterygotus lanarkensis
  • 萊特博德氏翼肢鱟 Pterygotus lightbodyi
  • 魯登斯翼肢鱟 Pterygotus ludensis
  • 馬里蘭翼肢鱟 Pterygotus marylandicus
  • 門羅翼肢鱟 Pterygotus monroensis
  • ?薩爾氏翼肢鱟 Pterygotus sarlei
  • ?大腹翼肢鱟 Pterygotus ventricosus

大眾文化

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翼肢鱟在BBC製作的《與巨獸同行》中獵食布龍度蠍子

參見

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Størmer, L. Merostomata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part P Arthropoda 2, Chelicerata. 1955: P30–P31. 
  2. ^ Haines, Tim; Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books. 2006: 25. ISBN 978-1-55407-125-8. 
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翼肢鲎属
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