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翼尖渦流

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翼尖渦流示意圖。
飛機飛過產生的翼尖渦流,由煙霧中顯示。影片後段是左邊的翼尖渦流,為順時鐘旋轉。

翼尖涡流(Wingtip vortices)又称为翼尖涡,当机翼产生正升力时,下翼面的压强比上翼面高,在上、下翼面压强差的作用下,下翼面的气流就绕过翼尖流向上翼面,这样就使下翼面的流线由机翼的翼根向翼尖倾斜,而上翼面的流线则由翼尖偏向翼根。

由于上、下翼面气流在后缘处具有不同的流向,于是就形成漩涡,并在翼尖卷成翼尖涡,翼尖涡向后流即形成翼尖涡流。机翼上产生的升力越多,翼尖涡也就越强。

从飞机的后部向前看,右翼尖涡是逆时针旋转,左机翼的翼尖涡是顺时针旋转。

飞行中,因翼尖涡内的空气压强低,如果空气中含有足够的水蒸气,就会因膨胀冷却而结成水珠,形成由翼尖向后的两道白雾状的涡流索,即俗话说的“飞机拉线”。

此種渦流會造成航空器的不穩定及削弱翼面的升力,所以在許多飛機上都在翼尖裝有翼尖小翼,藉以阻擋或減弱渦流。

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翼尖渦流
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