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義渡

義渡即免費的渡船服務,分為官設和民設兩種,台灣的義渡以民設義渡佔最多。官設義渡由官府設立,民設義渡則由地方仕紳集資負擔渡船及船工之費用。台灣因地形狹長且中部有中央山脈,河流多半短而湍急,難以人為橫渡。因此地方初闢、造橋工藝不發達時,只能以小舟或竹筏等作為載運旅客渡過河川的交通工具。台灣早年交通不發達,這項措施讓旅客方便來往,在某些臨河地區的交通扮演重要角色。

義渡之分布

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台灣較重要的義渡包括:


  • 中港溪官義渡:中港溪首先於1787年(乾隆52年)設置官義渡,但因管理鬆散而被土豪劣紳把持,動輒強收渡資或扣留旅客行李和財物,常引起民怨。1836年(道光16年)擔任淡水同知的婁雲,於巡視地方訪查民怨後,認為中港溪、大甲溪、房裡溪等六條溪流應設置義渡。婁雲和地方仕紳共捐出九千元購置田地,以便收取穀租支應義渡所需費用。不足之費用則以充公田地之穀租加以補充。1837年(道光17年)中港溪官義渡正式成立,長年設大小渡船共兩艘及渡夫六名,並於渡口設碑,刻有官義渡設置緣起及維運章程。此官義渡在日治時期仍沿用,直到1961年(民國50年)才停用。
  • 大甲溪義渡
  • 房裡溪官義渡
  • 阿里港二重溪義渡
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義渡
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