For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
義民信仰.
義民信仰是指奉祀「義民」的宗教信仰。「義民」本義為「義勇之人民」,而「義」或為「亂」往往無關「忠」與「奸」,而關乎於人們的分類意識、在動亂時代的自保、對維持地方秩序的需求[1]。人們為感謝這些因捍衛自身族群利益而犧牲的成員,遂立祠、廟等供奉,相關廟名包括義民廟、義民祠、褒忠祠等。
由於拓墾臺灣的移民身分多元如閩南泉州人、閩南漳州人、粵東潮汕人與客家人等等,遂容易因族群差異、利益糾紛等因素產生分類械鬥;此外對統治政權、官員的不滿亦常造成民變、戰爭,無論發起或抵抗方往往皆產生大量傷亡。為了追念亡者、安撫生者,群體成員經常尊這些犧牲者為「義民」並建廟供奉。而在臺灣義民信仰中,以褒忠亭義民廟為主之客家義民信仰最為知名,遍佈範圍也最廣。
至於台灣的泉州裔閩南人義民信仰方面,可見北港義民廟。
在香港,除了土客衝突、抗英事件中的犧牲者外,村落間械鬥之死者也會被本村村民視為義民,例如清朝同治元年(1862年),城門八鄉村民與荃灣村民因積怨發生械鬥,雙方激戰長達三年,直至鄰近川龍耆老出面調停才寢息鬥爭,各有17人戰死。荃灣村民念各人功在鄉井,乃於荃灣天后宮偏殿設立「義勇祠」以崇德報功,而城門一方亦在家廟設置神位恭奉,直到搬村後一同遷移到錦田城門新村的協天宮[2]。而屏山的達德公所是香港唯一供奉抗英烈士的地方,正廳奉祀達德約中抗英犧牲的烈士,兩間側廳分別為左廂「慰寂祠」和右廂「英勇祠」,用以紀念「達德約」與鄰近村落械鬥犧牲的烈士。而錦田抗英犧牲的數百名義民神位被供奉在錦田的友鄰堂。
日本的義民主要指一揆中犧牲性命的平民,被鄉民、百姓尊崇,並立神社供奉。如貞享騒動領袖多田加助、新本義民騒動的「義民四人眾」等。
忠烈祠
- ^ 《臺陽筆記》,「故往往有漳人作亂而泉人攻之者,泉人謀逆而漳人揭之者。若漳、泉合謀不軌,則粵民必倡義以誅之,未有不成功者。」
- ^ 周樹佳. 「荃灣兩村血戰三年成大恨」. 《香港民間風土記憶貳》. 香港: 天地圖書. 2005年: 第130–133頁. ISBN 988211171-8 (中文(香港)).
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!