美國舊西部
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 約1887年的一個美國西部牛仔 | |
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| 地点 |  美国（現時）以下按歷史時序上並吞併/併購/同化的次序排列: |
美國西部拓荒时代（英語：American frontier）是指美國領土擴張時期，美國西部的歷史、地理、居民、文化等多元內涵的呈現。這段時間從17世纪初的英國美洲殖民地時期到1912年建立最後一個美國本土的州亚利桑那州為止[1][2]。
美國領土地图
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1789年時的美國領土 -
1845–46年時的美國領土 -
1884–89年時的美國領土 -
1912年時的美國領土
参考文献
- ^ Nash, Gerald D. The Census of 1890 and the Closing of the Frontier. The Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 1980, 71 (3): 98–100 [2023-02-25]. JSTOR 40490574. （原始内容存档于2022-12-09）.
- ^ Lang, Robert E.; Popper, Deborah E.; Popper, Frank J. "Progress of the Nation": The Settlement History of the Enduring American Frontier. Western Historical Quarterly. 1995, 26 (3): 289–307. JSTOR 970654. doi:10.2307/970654.
延伸阅读
国势研究
- Billington, Ray Allen, and Martin Ridge. Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (5th ed. 2001); 892 pp; textbook with 160 –pp of detailed annotated bibliographies older edition online; also online 2001 abridged edition to borrow
- Billington, Ray Allen. The Far Western frontier, 1830–1860 (1962), Wide-ranging scholarly survey; online free
- Clark, Thomas D. The rampaging frontier: Manners and humors of pioneer days in the South and the Middle West (1939).
- Deverell, William, ed. A Companion to the American West (Blackwell Companions to American History) (2004); 572 pp excerpt and text search
- Hawgood, John A. America's Western Frontiers (1st ed. 1967); 234 pp; textbook covering pre-Columbian era through the mid-twentieth century
- Heard, J. Norman. Handbook of the American Frontier (5 vol Scarecrow Press, 1987–98); Covers 1: The Southeastern Woodlands, 2: The Northeastern Woodlands, 3: The Great Plains, 4: The Far West and vol. 5: Chronology, Bibliography, Index. Compilation of Indian-white contacts & conflicts
- Hine, Robert V., and John Mack Faragher. The American West: A New Interpretive History (Yale University Press, 2000). 576 pp.; textbook
- Josephy, Alvin. The American heritage book of the pioneer spirit (1965)
- Lamar, Howard, ed. The New Encyclopedia of the American West (1998); this is a revised version of Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West ed. by Howard Lamar (1977)
- Michno, F. Gregory. Encyclopedia of Indian wars: Western battles and skirmishes 1850–1890. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 2009. ISBN 978-0878424689.
- Milner, Clyde, Carol O'Connor, and Martha Sandweiss, eds. The Oxford History of the American West (1994) long essays by scholars; online free
- Paxson, Frederic Logan. History of the American frontier, 1763–1893 (1924), an old survey by leading authority; Pulitzer Prize
- Paxson, Frederic Logan. The Last American Frontier (1910) online free
- Snodgrass, Mary Ellen, ed. Settlers of the American West: The Lives of 231 Notable Pioneers, (2015) McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786497355
- Utley, Robert M. The Story of The West (2003)
- White, Richard. "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (1991), textbook focused on the post-1890 far west
土地政策
- Gates, Paul W. "An overview of American land policy". Agricultural History (1976): 213–29. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Gates, Paul W. "Homesteading in the High Plains". Agricultural History (1977): 109–33. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Otto, John Solomon. The Southern Frontiers, 1607–1860: The Agricultural Evolution of the Colonial and Antebellum South (ABC-CLIO, 1989).
- Swierenga, Robert P. "Land Speculation and Its Impact on American Economic Growth and Welfare: A Historiographical Review". Western Historical Quarterly (1977) 8#3 pp: 283–302. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Unruh, John David. The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840–1860 (1993)
- Van Atta, John R. Securing the West: Politics, Public Lands, and the Fate of the Old Republic, 1785–1850 (2014) xiii + 294 pp. online review （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Wishart, David J. (编). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska Press. 2004. ISBN 0803247877.
历史学论
- Billington, Ray Allen. America's Frontier Heritage (1984), a favorable analysis of Turner's theories about social sciences and historiography online
- Etulain, Richard W., "Clio's Disciples on the Rio Grande: Western History at the University of New Mexico", New Mexico Historical Review 87 (Summer 2012), 277–98.
- Etulain, Richard W. (编). Writing Western History: Essays On Major Western Historians. U. of Nevada Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0874175172.
- Hurtado, Albert L., "Bolton and Turner: The Borderlands and American Exceptionalism", Western Historical Quarterly, (Spring 2013) 44#1 pp. 5–20.
- Lewis, David Rich. "Native Americans in the nineteenth-century American West." in A Companion to the American West ed. by William Deverell (2004) pp: 143–161. online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Limerick, Patricia. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (1987), attacks Turner and promotes the New Western History
- Smith, Stacey L. "Beyond North and South: Putting the West in the Civil War and Reconstruction", Journal of the Civil War Era (Dec 2016) 6#4 pp. 566–91. doi:10.1353/cwe.2016.0073 excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Spackman, S. G. F. "The Frontier and Reform in the United States." Historical Journal 13#2 (1970): 333–39. online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Weber, David J. "The Spanish Borderlands, Historiography Redux." The History Teacher, 39#1 (2005), pp. 43–56., online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Witschi, Nicolas S. (编). A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West. John Wiley & Sons. 2011. ISBN 978-1444396577.
图片集合
- Brégent-Heald Dominique. "Primitive Encounters: Film and Tourism in the North American West", Western Historical Quarterly (2007) 38#1 (Spring, 2007), pp. 47–67 in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Etulain, Richard W. Re-imagining the Modern American West: A Century of Fiction, History, and Art (1996)
- Hausladen, Gary J. Western Places, American Myths: How We Think About The West. U. of Nevada Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0874176629.
- Hyde, Anne Farrar. An American Vision: Far Western Landscape and National Culture, 1820–1920 (New York University Press, 1993)
- Mitchell, Lee Clark. Westerns: Making the Man in Fiction and Film. U. of Chicago Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0226532356.
- Prown, Jules David, Nancy K. Anderson, and William Cronon, eds. Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts: Transforming Visions of the American West (1994)
- Rothman, Hal K. Devil's Bargains: Tourism and the Twentieth-Century American West (University of Kansas Press, 1998)
- Slotkin, Richard. The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization, 1800–1890. University of Oklahoma Press. 1998.
- Slotkin, Richard. Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth-Century America. University of Oklahoma Press. 1960.
- Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1950. - Tompkins, Jane. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. Oxford University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0195073058.
- Wrobel, David M. Global West, American Frontier: Travel, Empire, and Exceptionalism from Manifest Destiny to the Great Depression (University of New Mexico Press, 2013) 312 pp.; evaluates European and American travelers' accounts
一手资料
- Phillips, Ulrich B. Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649–1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources. Two volumes. (1909). vol 1 & 2 online
- Still, Bayrd, ed. The West; contemporary records of America's expansion across the continent, 1607-1890 (1961) online
- Watts, Edward, and David Rachels, eds. The First West: Writing from the American Frontier, 1776–1860 (Oxford UP, 2002), 960 pp; primary sources' long excerpts from 59 authors; excerpt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- California Gold Rush, from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 1860s and 1870s from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 1880s from PBS （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Closing the Frontier", from U California （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
学术文章
参见
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