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羊皮紙

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一張山羊皮正透過木框繃緊,乾燥後可切割成為羊皮紙
工人將羊皮切割, 1568年的德國版畫
羊皮纸和鹅毛笔与墨水

羊皮紙是一種製作書本或提供書寫的材料,由羊皮或小牛皮为原料制成。公元前170年左右,安納托利亞古國帕加馬(Pergamon)的國王歐邁尼斯二世率先使用羊皮紙。羊皮經石灰處理,剪去羊毛,再用浮石軟化,便成了這種新的書寫材料。羊皮紙的英文名稱“parchment”就是由這個城市的名字而来的。把這些羊皮訂成小冊子,稱為手抄本,再合訂成冊,使成為留傳後世的羊皮典籍。此後,手稿一直使用羊皮紙。

羊皮紙之所以會逐漸取代莎草紙的原因在於,它兩面都能書寫(莎草紙較粗糙的那一面通常不會拿來書寫文字,且有助於防止墨水滲透紙張),而且能夠讓鵝毛筆的書寫呈現飽滿的色彩,拿來摺成書本也沒有問題。唯一問題是它相當昂貴,製作也比較耗時耗工。

最好的羊皮紙稱做犢皮紙英语vellumvellum),往往被拿來抄寫最重要的書籍。

羊皮紙的英文是Parchment英语Parchment,而英文Parchment paper英语Parchment paper則是烘焙紙、亦可翻譯成防油紙、烤盤紙。

制作过程

  • 剥皮:剥下适龄的羊皮或小牛皮。
  • 浸泡:将刚刚剥下的皮(原始方法带有羊毛)一起浸泡于石灰水中,溶解皮中胶质等物质。
  • 刮皮:将浸泡数周的皮捞出拉伸并刮去皮上的毛。
  • 晾晒:将刮皮后的皮立即再次拉伸晾晒。
  • 塗抹保存劑:將處理好的羊皮紙,進行數次的防腐工程(次數不定)。
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羊皮紙
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