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罗马问题

庇亚门的陷落

罗马问题義大利語Questione romana)是指在1861年至1929年之間,意大利国家与聖座罗马政治前途問題(National Question)及主權歸屬而發生的爭議。

1861年3月27日,剛建國不久的義大利王國宣布羅馬為首都,儘管當時羅馬處於教宗国的統治之下。1870年,義大利在教宗庇護九世的反對、以及趁著普法戰爭爆發法國無力保護教宗之際攻占罗马,導致教宗國名存實亡。此後歷任的教宗便拒絕離開教宗寓所所在的梵蒂岡城,以此拒絕義大利對羅馬全城的主權,此舉便是所謂的「梵蒂岡之囚」。在1929年的《拉特朗条约》解决此問題,并建立梵蒂冈城国以取代教宗國的政治地位。

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罗马问题
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