For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 羅漢松.

羅漢松

羅漢松
結有松果的枝葉
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
门: 松柏门 Pinophyta
纲: 松柏纲 Pinopsida
目: 松柏目 Pinales
科: 羅漢松科 Podocarpaceae
属: 羅漢松屬 Podocarpus
种:
羅漢松 P. macrophyllus
二名法
Podocarpus macrophyllus
(Thunb.) Sweet, 1818

罗汉松學名Podocarpus macrophyllus)是罗汉松科罗汉松属植物的一種,又名羅漢杉長青羅漢杉土杉金錢松仙柏羅漢柏江南柏[2]

形态

常綠喬木,可高達18公尺,通常會修剪以保持低矮,葉為線狀披針形,長7至10厘米,寬7至10毫米,全緣,有明顯中肋,螺旋互生。初夏开花,亦分雌雄,雄花圆柱形,3-5个簇生在叶腋,雌花单生在叶腋;種托大於種子,種托成熟呈紅紫色,加上綠色的種子,好似光頭的和尚穿著紅色僧袍,故名羅漢松。毬果上鱗片在種子成熟時發育為紅紫色假種皮形似漿果,以吸引進食散播種子。[3]

习性

罗汉松属于中性偏阴性树种,能接受较强光照,也能在较荫的环境下生长。不同於其他松柏門的植物,羅漢松喜歡溫暖濕潤的氣候、稍耐寒,低於零度易凍傷。樹枝柔韌,抗風性強,亦因為這特性,羅漢松經常被人塑造成不同形態的盆景及用作防風樹。主要病蟲害為粉蝨及橙帶藍尺蛾。[4][5]

分布

羅漢松原產於東亞地區,現在世界各地熱帶溫帶地區都有栽種,尤其是在台灣日本。由於盆植羅漢松可作為盆景及庭園樹觀賞,其木材供建築、藥用和雕刻,所以其價值甚高。

變種

羅漢松常見變種有小葉羅漢松P. m. var. maki Endl.),葉較小,長4至7厘米,寬3至7毫米。原產於日本。中國長江以南普遍栽培觀賞。短小葉羅漢松('Condensatus')葉短小,長在3.5cm以下,密生。狹葉羅漢松(var.angustifolius Bl.)葉較狹窄,長5至10厘米,寬3至6毫米,葉先端漸尖,產於四川貴州江西等省;日本也有分佈。柱冠羅漢松(var.chingii NEGray)樹冠為柱狀,葉較狹小,產於浙江[6]

文化意义

羅漢松常在佛教寺庙中种植,其种子佛教中象征修行僧[7]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Farjon, A. 2013. Podocarpus macrophyllus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42517A2984343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42517A2984343.en. Downloaded on 25 November 2018.
  2. ^ Podocarpus macrophyllus. ITIS. 
  3. ^ 中国高等植物图鉴 653.土杉Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don. [2014-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  4. ^ How to Grow Podocarpus macrophyllus
  5. ^ Growing Podocarpus macrophyllus Indoors
  6. ^ eFlora 中国在线植物志-Podocarpus macrophyllus. [2014-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-20). 
  7. ^ Wang, Xinyang; Jin, Cheng; Huang, Li; Zhou, Lihua; Zheng, Mingming; Qian, Shenhua; Yang, Yongchuan. Plant diversity and species replacement in Chinese Buddhist temples. Biodiversity Science. 2020-06-20, 28 (6): 668. doi:10.17520/biods.2019392. 

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:植物名實圖考·羅漢松》,出自吳其濬《植物名實圖考》

外部連結

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
羅漢松
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?