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纤锌矿

纤锌矿
基本資料
類別硫化物矿物
化学式(Zn,Fe)S
IMA記號Wur[1]
施特龙茨分类2.CB.45
戴納礦物分類02.08.07.01
晶体分类双六角锥 (6mm)
H–M记号:(6mm)
晶体空间群P63mc
性質
顏色棕黑色、橙棕色、红棕色、黑色
晶体惯态会形成径向簇,以及胶体结壳和团块
晶系六方晶系
解理[1120] 和[0001]
断口参差状
莫氏硬度3.5-4
光澤树脂光泽,晶面上有明亮的亚金属光泽
條痕浅棕色
透明性半透明
比重4.09(测量),4.10(计算)
光學性質单轴 (+)
折射率nω = 2.356 nε = 2.378
双折射δ = 0.022
參考文獻[2][3][4]

纤锌矿(英語:Wurtzite),又稱纖維鋅礦,是一种硫化物矿物,化学式为(Zn,Fe)S,是一种较少见的闪锌矿结构的多形体结构形式。铁含量变化高达8%。[5]它与闪锌矿互为同質異形体。[2]

它出现在与闪锌矿、黄铁矿黄铜矿重晶石白铁矿相关的热液矿床中,也出现在低温下的粘土-铁石结核中。[2]

它于1861年在玻利维亚奥鲁罗省塞尔卡多省奥鲁罗市的圣何塞矿区首次描述了这种矿物的出现,并以法国化学家夏尔-阿道夫·武尔茨的名字命名。[3]其分布广泛,在欧洲,捷克普日布拉姆德国黑森英格兰康沃尔郡利斯卡德;在美国,康涅狄格州利奇菲尔德县蒙大拿州银弓县比尤特犹他州比弗县弗里斯科,密苏里州贾斯珀县乔普林区均有发现。[2]

结构

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纤锌矿晶胞。灰色球代表金属原子,黄色球代表硫或硒原子。

除纤锌矿外,纤锌矿族还包括cadmoselite英语cadmoselite(CdSe)、硫镉矿(CdS)、mátraite(ZnS)和rambergite英语rambergite(MnS)。

它的晶体结构被称为纤锌矿结构,因此得名。这种结构是六方晶系的一员,且其中原子以四面体配位方式,形成ABABAB型结构。这种结构与六方碳或者六角的钻石的结构有很大程度的关联。

纤锌矿的晶胞常数为(-2H多型):[6]

  • a = b = 3.81Å = 381 pm
  • c = 6.23 Å = 623 pm
  • V = 78.41 Å3
  • Z = 2

许多其他化合物可以同样有纤锌矿的结构,包括AgIZnOCdSCdSeα-SiCGaNAlN,以及其它半导体。在大多数这种化合物中,纤维锌矿结构并不是大块晶体所喜欢采取的存在形式,但是这种结构可以在某些非晶体形式的材料中受到眷顾。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320 [2022-11-01]. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. (原始内容存档于2021-12-13). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). [2021-12-05]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-02-13). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Wurtzite at Mindat.org. [2021-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-08). 
  4. ^ Wurtzite at Webmineral. [2021-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-15). 
  5. ^ Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, pp. 226-228.
  6. ^ Xu, Yong-Nian; Ching, W. Y. Electronic, optical, and structural properties of some wurtzite crystals. Physical Review B. 15 August 1993, 48 (7): 4335–4351. Bibcode:1993PhRvB..48.4335X. PMID 10008905. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.48.4335. 

外部链接

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纤锌矿
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