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纬线

地球的Mollweide等面積投影地图
经度(λ)
經度線投射在圖上看似彎曲和垂直的線,但實際上是大圓的一半。
纬度(φ)
緯度線投射在圖上看似水平的平行線,但實際上是不同半徑的圓。有相同特定緯度的所有位置都在同一個纬线上。
赤道的緯度為0°,將行星平分為南半球北半球

纬线經線一樣是人類為度量方便而假設出來的輔助線,定義為地球表面某点随地球自转所形成的轨迹。任何一根纬线都是圆形而且两两平行。纬线的长度是赤道的周长乘以纬线的纬度余弦,所以赤道最长,離赤道越远的纬线,周长越短,到了两极就缩为0。纬度表示南北方向的位置。

重要的纬线

  • 北极圈(66° 33' 35.325" N)(以2014年夏至為準)
  • 北回归线(23° 26' 14.675" N)(以2014年夏至為準)
  • 赤道(緯度0°)
  • 南回归线(23° 26' 14.441" S)(以2014年冬至為準)
  • 南极圈(66° 33' 35.559" S)(以2014年冬至為準)

緯線長度

緯線長度與緯度的餘弦值成正比,故60°緯線的長度為赤道的一半,約為2萬公里

各纬度条目

参见

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纬线
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