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维管束

芹菜莖的横截面,可見維管束,其中包括韌皮部木質部

维管束是指维管植物(包括蕨类植物裸子植物被子植物)的维管组织,由木质部韧皮部成束状排列形成的结构。维管束多存在于草本植物木本植物幼体)、(叶中的维管束又称为叶脉)、根等器官中。维管束相互连接构成维管系统,主要功能是为植物体输导水分无机盐有机养料等,也有支持植物体的作用。

类型

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维管束根据木质部和韧皮部的排列方式可以被分为三大类:[1][2]

  • 外韧型:韧皮部位于木质部的外侧。
  • 双韧型:维管束内外周均为韧皮部(内生韧皮部和外生韧皮部)。如南瓜的茎。
  • 同心型:由一种维管组织包着另一种维管组织。又可细分为两类:
    • 周木型:木质部在外周,成圈状包围里面的韧皮部。
    • 周韧型:韧皮部在外周,成圈状包围里面的木質部。

此外,根据能否继续发育,还可以将维管束分为有限维管束和无限维管束两类:

  • 有限维管束:不具有形成层,不能发育出新的木质部和韧皮部。蕨类植物和单子叶植物的维管束多属于此类。
  • 无限维管束:在木质部和韧皮部之间有形成层,可以产生新的木质部和韧皮部。这类维管束可以使植物的枝干不断加粗。一般存在于裸子植物和双子叶植物中。

由許多上下排的細胞所構成,並貫穿植物的根莖葉

发育

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叶脉

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中,维管束又被称为叶脉。叶脉通常位于叶肉的海绵组织中,其木质部朝向叶的正面,而韧皮部则朝向叶的背面。由于韧皮部在植物中是用于传输糖分等营养物质的,所以经常可以发现蚜虫多聚集于叶子的背面而非正面。植物的葉脈通常有平行脈和網狀脈兩種形式。

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Dickison, William C. Tissue organization in stems, leaves, and roots. Integrative Plant Anatomy. Academic Press. 2000年: 123. ISBN 0122151704. 
  2. ^ Beck, Charles B. An overview of plant structure and development. An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development. Academic Press. 2005年: 23-25. ISBN 0521837405. 

外部链接

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维管束
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