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經文歌 .
摘錄自巴洛克音樂 巴赫 的作品Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf (BWV226),歌唱者須在同一個音節上唱出許多不同的音符,此作曲結構稱為melisma 经文歌 (英語:motet )是中世纪 到文艺复兴 时期的一种宗教音乐 体裁,由克勞蘇拉(clausula)發展而成。一開始是在克勞蘇拉段落加入歌詞,稱為motetus,後逐漸發展演變為經文歌。
13世紀初的經文歌是三聲部,皆為拉丁语 歌詞,後來逐漸發展,上二聲部可使用各地方言歌詞,但此種型式較少見,Tenor取材自素歌 ,但已非人聲演唱,而是由樂器演奏,僅在下面附註出處。
13世紀後半葉的經文歌有兩種型式,一為Franconian,一為Petronian。兩者皆在節奏上作出對比,由上而下的聲部依序為快,中,慢,前者將音符細分在三音之內,後者將音符細分在三音以上。曲調來原則不再只有素歌,甚至可從世俗歌曲之中取材。
早期 (1150年前)
圣加仑修道院
Notker the Stammerer
Tuotilo
Stephen of Liège
Hucbald*
Odo of Cluny*
Heriger of Lobbes
Saint Martial school
Odo of Arezzo*
Notker Physicus
St. Godric
皮埃尔·阿伯拉尔
赫德嘉·馮·賓根
Adam of Saint Victor
Wulfstan the Cantor?
Wipo of Burgundy?
盛期 (1150年–1300年)
南法行吟诗人 & Trobairitz*
Aimeric de Peguilhan
阿爾諾·達尼埃爾
Arnaut de Mareuil
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bertran de Born
Castelloza
Cerverí de Girona
Comtessa de Dia*
Folquet de Marselha
Gaucelm Faidit
Giraut de Bornelh
Guiraut Riquier
Jaufre Rudel
Marcabru
Peire d'Alvernha
Peire Cardenal
Peire Vidal
Peirol
佩迪贡
Raimbaut d'Aurenga
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
Raimon de Miravalh
Sordello
阿基坦公爵威廉九世
Other troubadours and trobairitz...
北法行吟诗人
亚当·德·拉阿勒
Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
Audefroi le Bastart
布隆德尔·德·内勒
Le Chastelain de Couci
克雷蒂安·德·特鲁瓦
Colin Muset
Conon de Béthune
Gace Brulé
Gautier de Coincy
Gautier de Dargies
Gautier d'Espinal
Gillebert de Berneville
Gontier de Soignies
Guillaume le Vinier
Guiot de Dijon
Jehan Bretel
Jehan Erart
Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
Moniot d'Arras
Perrin d'Angicourt
Philippe de Rémi
Raoul de Soissons
晚期 (1300年–1400年)
Template:Music of the Trecento
其他
Johannes Alanus
John Dunstaple
Thomas Fabri
Roy Henry
Arnold de Lantins
Leonel Power
W. de Wycombe
理论家
Anonymous IV
阿雷佐的圭多
Franco of Cologne
Johannes Cotto
Johannes de Garlandia
Johannes de Grocheio
Iacobus de Ispania
Notker Labeo
Johannes de Muris
Walter Odington
Berno of Reichenau
Aurelian of Réôme
音乐形式 传统
British Isles
Cyprus
France
德國音樂
Italy
Lithuania
Portugal
Spain
衍生
中世纪风格音乐
Medieval folk rock
Medieval metal
Neo-Medieval music
背景
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