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傷口癒合

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伤口愈合chuāng伤愈合(Wound healing)是创伤後人体皮肤和表皮组织再生的自然过程。正常來說,皮膚的表皮(最外層)和真皮(內部或深層)存在於一個平衡的狀態,以形成一個保護傷口的屏障。而當焦痂破裂,正常的傷口癒合過程便會迅速地開始。其基本过程包括以下阶段:止血期炎症期增生期成熟期及重塑期。

當皮膚受損後,一套複雜的生化程序將修復其損傷。在受傷後的幾分鐘內,血小板將在創傷附近處形成纖維蛋白凝塊,以用作止血。

炎症期

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增生期

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新血管形成

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纖維增生及肉芽組織形成

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成纤维细胞參與這個過程。胶原蛋白沉澱於細胞外基質

上皮再生

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位於人體膝蓋處的痂

「痂」(Scab)是指伤口表面形成的塊狀物,質硬,主要成分為血小板纤维蛋白细菌殘骸等。生成痂的過程稱為「结痂」,是生物體的一種自我保護機制,防止傷口繼續出血,在傷口癒合後會自行脱落。

收缩

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如果收縮期的時間持續過長,可能會導致變形毀容和功能喪失[1]

成熟与重塑阶段

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创伤愈合的类型

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一期愈合

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见于组织缺少、创缘整齐、无感染、对合紧密的创口,修复以原来细胞为主,炎症反应轻,愈合时间短,形成疤痕少。如皮肤的无菌手术切口。

二期愈合

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见于组织缺损大,创缘不整齐、伴有感染,对合不齐,以纤维性修复为主,炎症反应重,愈合时间长,会形成大疤痕。

痂下愈合

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伤口表面的血液、渗出物及坏死组织干燥后形成硬痂,在其下面进行上述愈合过程,待上皮在上皮完成后即脱落。痂下愈合所需时间较长。

  1. ^ Hinz B. Masters and servants of the force: the role of matrix adhesions in myofibroblast force perception and transmission. European Journal of Cell Biology. April 2006, 85 (3–4): 175–81. PMID 16546559. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2005.09.004. 
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傷口癒合
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