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等值曲面

等值曲面是一種曲面。在空間裏,假若,每一點都有一個設定的值。這值可能是壓力、溫度、速度、密度。那麼,一個等值曲面所包含的每一個點,其設定值是一樣的。換句話說,以三維空間定義域連續函數,其每一個水平集都是一個等值曲面。

應用計算機圖形學,我們可以簡易地顯示出等值曲面的線框圖或明暗圖。在計算流體力學裏,數據視覺化方法時常會用等值曲面來表示流體(液體或氣體)流過物體時的瞬時狀態。這是工程師研究發展新科技的一個利器。他們可以觀察一個系統在任何時間的狀態,從而發現其中奧秘。例如,等值曲面可以代表超音速飛行的單獨震波。或者,我們可以製造幾個等值曲面來代表,當空氣流過飛機翅膀時,隨著時間演變的一系列壓力值。

面對著一大堆三維空間的數據,一個明智又受歡迎的選擇,就是採用等值曲面為數據視覺化的主要形式。簡單的多邊形造型渲染的等值曲面,不需要用到很多的中央處理單元的資源,就能夠迅速的計算出所要顯示的圖形。

醫學影像裏,三維的電腦斷層掃描用等值曲面來代表一個密度值區的部位。這樣,我們可以將內部器官、骨頭、等等,這些結構視覺化。

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等值曲面
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