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突襲范寧島

突襲范寧島
第一次世界大戰的一部分
日期1914年9月7日
地点
结果 德軍勝利
参战方
 大英帝国  德意志帝國
指挥官与领导者
大英帝国 監督者A·史密斯(Superintendant A. Smith) [1] 德意志帝國 馬克西米連·馮·斯比
兵力
未知 1艘小巡洋艦
伤亡与损失
通訊站被摧毀
2,000英鎊的物資損失

突襲范寧島德國一戰時的一場成功突襲,其目標是切斷范寧島的電纜系統。1914年9月7日,德國海軍中將馬克西米連·馮·斯比率領東亞分艦隊橫越太平洋前往南美洲的途中,派出麾下紐倫堡號小巡洋艦及泰坦尼亞號(Titania)煤船向范寧島發起突襲。

背景

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1888年,大英帝國併吞了范寧島,隨後英國通訊公司「纜線與無線(Cable and Wireless)」為了在中太平洋上鋪設海底電纜,便在島上建立了中繼站。這座中繼站是全紅線英语All Red Line的一部份,連接澳洲紐西蘭加拿大再到英國[2]

1914年8月一戰爆發後,德國海軍中將馬克西米連·馮·斯比率領東亞分艦隊駛離青島基地。斯比意圖將艦隊帶往南美,他認為那邊可能比較好襲擊英國商船[3]。9月6日,斯比在橫越太平洋的途中,派出紐倫堡號小巡洋艦及泰坦尼亞號(Titania)煤船去調查英國在范寧島的布設,並要求摧毀當地的無線站[4]

突襲過程

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1914年9月7日早晨,德軍紐倫堡號小巡洋艦在掛著法國國旗的偽裝下接近范寧島。工作人員注意到了法國國旗,於是在旗桿上懸掛了英國國旗。而當這些人注意到那是偽裝時,德軍水兵已經成功登島。當地指揮官在要被德軍抓住時,向蘇瓦發出警告:「是紐倫堡號;他們正在開火。」(It's the Nürnberg; they are firing.)[5]

德軍隨後嚴重破壞了電纜站,使其無法使用,並切斷該島的海底電纜。他們還搗毀了零件與儀器,並使用輕武器和炸藥將發動機徹底摧毀[6]。德軍還沒收了文件、步槍及彈藥,並切斷了旗桿。但島民們認為德軍具專業精神且態度禮貌。當地最終物資損失為十五萬美元[7]

英國直到兩星期後才重建了當地的通訊[2]

註腳

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  1. ^ Taltavall, J.B. How the Fanning Island Cable Station Was Captured and Destroyed by the Germans. Telegraph and Telephone Age 32 21. New York, New York. 1914-11-01: 586. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Fanning Island History. [2014-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-30). 
  3. ^ Herwig, pp. 155–156
  4. ^ Halpern, p. 88
  5. ^ Australian Newspaper Article. [2014-08-26]. 
  6. ^ Cable War (PDF). [2014-08-26]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-09-03). 
  7. ^ Taltavall, J.B. How the Fanning Island Cable Station Was Captured and Destroyed by the Germans. Telegraph and Telephone Age 32 21. New York, New York. 1914-11-01: 587. 

參考

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  • Halpern, Paul G. A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 1995. ISBN 1-55750-352-4. 
  • Herwig, Holger. "Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. 1980. ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9. 

延伸閱讀

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  • Gray, J.A.C. Amerika Samoa, A History of American Samoa and its United States Naval Administration. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute. 1960.

53°28′S 55°04′W / 53.467°S 55.067°W / -53.467; -55.067

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突襲范寧島
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