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跨音速

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F/A-18以跨音速速度飛行
穿音速示意圖

跨音速Transonic),或稱穿音速,是一個空氣動力學名詞,指的是一個正好在音速上下的速度範圍(約0.8–1.2馬赫)。其定義為臨界馬赫數(通常是0.8馬赫附近)與一個更高速度(通常是1.2馬赫)之間的速度範圍,在這之間的速度範圍,氣流有些是超音速,也有些是亞音速。當飛行器速度超過臨界馬赫數,此時飛行器周遭的空氣流開始有部分是超音速流,空氣力學上開始出現急遽的變化,例如震波的出現;而當飛行器速度達1.2馬赫時,此時所有氣流皆為超音速,周遭氣流變得穩定。

多數現代噴射飛機以可觀的時間處在跨音速飛行。因為一個常出現在這樣速度範圍,稱為波阻(wave drag)的效應而使這樣的飛行狀態顯得重要。試圖抵抗波阻效應的變革可在所有高速飛行器上見到;最顯著的是後掠翼(swept wing)的設計,但另一個常見的形式是黃蜂腰形的機身(wasp-waist fuselage,亦稱可樂瓶機身),作為Whitcomb面積律的副產品。

相關條目

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其他的流態(flow regime)

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外部連結

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跨音速
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