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空气标准.
空氣標準分析是指在分析內燃機的熱功循環過程中,以空氣代替實際內部的工質進行分析,並進行其他簡化的分析方式[1]。
內燃機以其內部的氣體作為工作流體,在真實環境下,內部的工作流體包括了汽化的燃料、燃料燃燒所產生的氣體(廢氣)與空氣,其比熱、比容等特性都和空氣不同,而燃料、廢氣在工作流體中所占的比例也非定值。為了簡化計算,故不考慮其他生成的氣體,直接以空氣作為工作流體的假設就稱為「Air-Standard」即「空氣標準分析」。
空氣標準分析的假設為:
- 工作流體為空氣,且假設為理想氣體
- 用簡單加熱過程取代複雜的燃燒過程
- 所有的燃燒過程皆假設為可逆反應
- 熱量消耗以除熱過程取代
- 當假設的環境為室溫25度時,就稱為冷空氣標準分析(cold-air-standard)
- 若有循環使用此假設作為分析基準,則稱該循環為標準空氣循環(air-standard cycle)
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