For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 碲酸盐.

碲酸盐

偏碲酸盐和原碲酸盐的结构

在化学中,碲酸盐是含有含氧阴离子的化合物,其中碲的氧化数为+6。在无机化合物的命名中,它用作后缀时,表示中心为碲原子的多原子阴离子[1]

碲的含氧阴离子

[编辑]

历史上,碲酸盐这个名称只用于碲的氧化数为+6的含氧阴离子,它们衍生自碲酸(Te(OH)
6
)的衍生物;而亚碲酸盐则是指碲的氧化数为+4的含氧阴离子,它们衍生自亚碲酸((HO)
2
TeO)。然而,碲酸盐和亚碲酸盐通常分别称作碲(VI)酸盐和碲(IV)酸盐,这是IUPAC建议的命名。[1]偏碲酸根离子TeO2−
4
,而原碲酸根离子TeO6−
6
。其他含氧阴离子包括五氧合碲酸盐(TeO4−
5
)、[2]重碲酸盐(Te
2
O8−
10
[3]和含有6配位碲的聚合阴离子,比如(TeO4−
5
)n[4]

偏碲酸根

[编辑]

偏碲酸根离子(TeO2−
4
)与硫酸根离子(SO2−
4
)和硒酸根离子(SeO2−
4
)类似。虽然许多硫酸盐和硒酸盐都可以形成类质同晶盐[5],但是四面体形的偏碲酸盐离子仅存在于少数化合物中,例如四乙基铵盐(NEt
4
TeO
4
)。[6]虽然有许多化合物经化学计量学分析查验,存在偏碲酸根离子,但它们实际上包含含有6配位碲(VI)的聚合阴离子,比如碲酸钠(Na
2
TeO
4
),它含有边贴边的八面体碲中心。[7]

TeO2−
4
TeO2−
3
+ 12 O2      (E0 = −1.042 V)

E0标准还原电位值很重要,因为它表示碲酸根离子的氧化强度。[8]

原碲酸根

[编辑]

已知存在含有八面体形的TeO6−
6
的化合物,包括Ag
6
TeO
6
、Na
6
TeO
6
和Hg
3
TeO
6
[9]此外,羟基氧合碲酸盐也存在,它们含有质子化的TeO6−
6
,比如(NH
4
)
2
TeO
2
(OH)
4
(有时写作NH
4
TeO
4
 · 2H2O),其中包含八面体形的TeO
2
(OH)2−
4
离子。[10]

TeO4−
5
离子

[编辑]

Cs
2
K
2
TeO
5
含有三角双锥体形的TeO4−
5
离子。[2]Rb
6
Te
2
O
9
含有TeO4−
5
TeO2−
4
阴离子。[11]其他经化学计量学分析查验存在TeO4−
5
的化合物可能含有二聚体Te
2
O8−
10
,它由两个共边的{TeO6}组成,如Li
4
TeO
5
和Ag
4
TeO
5
[12]或共角的{TeO6}八面体,如Hg
2
TeO
5
[4]

聚合碲酸根离子

[编辑]

二聚体Te
2
O8−
10
由两个共边的{TeO6}八面体组成,在Li
4
TeO
5
中含有这个离子。类似的羟基氧合阴离子Te
2
O
6
(OH)
4
出现于六水合重碲(VI)酸钠钾(Na
0.5
K
3.5
Te
2
O
6
(OH)
4
 · 6H2O)中,它包含一对对共边的八面体。[13]由共角{TeO6}八面体组成的聚合链式阴离子(TeO
5
)4n
n
出现于诸如Li
4
TeO
5
的化合物中。[3]

水溶液的化学性质

[编辑]

在水溶液中,碲酸盐离子为6配位。在中性条件下,五氢原碲酸根离子(H
5
TeO
6
)最为常见;在碱性条件下,四氢原碲酸根离子(H
4
TeO2−
6
)的常见度超越其他离子;在酸性条件下,原碲酸(Te(OH)
6
或H
6
TeO
6
)会形成。[8]

比较硫和硒的含氧阴离子的结构

[编辑]

硫(VI)含氧阴离子的配位数为4,除了四面体形的硫酸根离子(SO2−
4
)之外,焦硫酸根英语pyrosulfate离子(S
2
O2−
7
)、三硫酸根(S
3
O2−
10
)和五硫酸根(S
5
O2−
16
)都含有4配位硫,由共角的{SO4}四面体组成。[14]硒酸盐含有许多4配位硒,主要以四面体形的SeO2−
4
离子和焦硒酸根离子(Se
2
O2−
7
)的形式出现,其中焦硒酸根离子的结构与焦硫酸根离子类似。[15]硒不像硫一样,可以在含氧阴离子中拥有5的配位数,如SeO4−
5
,甚至可以形成SeO6−
6
[16][17][18]

核磁共振波谱

[编辑]

有两个核磁共振活性原子核,123Te和125Te。123Te的丰度为0.9%,核自旋(I)为1/2125Te的丰度为7%,核自旋与123Te的相同。[19]125Te更常用,因为它的灵敏度较高。[20]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Full text (PDF)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Untenecker, H.; Hoppe, R. Die koordinationszahl 5 bei telluraten: Cs2K2[TeO5]. Journal of the Less Common Metals. 1986, 124 (1–2): 29–40. ISSN 0022-5088. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(86)90474-1. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Weil, Matthias. Preparation, Thermal Behaviour and Crystal Structure of the Basic Mercury(II) Tetraoxotellurate(VI), Hg2TeO5, and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Mercury(II) Orthotellurate(VI), Hg3TeO6. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 2003, 629 (4): 653–657. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.200390111. 
  5. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience: 531, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 
  6. ^ Konaka, Saki; Ozawa, Yoshiki; Yagasaki, Atsushi. Tetrahedral Tellurate. Inorganic Chemistry. 2008, 47 (4): 1244–1245. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 18220344. doi:10.1021/ic701578p. 
  7. ^ Kratochvíl, B.; Jenšovský, L. The crystal structure of sodium metatellurate. Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1977, 33 (8): 2596–2598. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S0567740877008978可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Frost, Ray L. Tlapallite H6(Ca,Pb)2(Cu,Zn)3SO4(TeO3)4TeO6, a multi-anion mineral: A Raman spectroscopic study (PDF). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2009, 72 (4): 903–906 [2022-11-01]. Bibcode:2009AcSpA..72..903F. ISSN 1386-1425. PMID 19167264. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2008.12.008. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-01). 
  9. ^ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils , 编, Inorganic Chemistry, 由Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William翻译, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter: 593, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5 
  10. ^ Johansson, G. B.; Lindqvist, O.; Moret, J. Diammonium tellurium(VI) dioxide tetrahydroxide (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1979, 35 (7): 1684–1686 [2022-11-01]. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S056774087900741X. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-03-14). 
  11. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 782. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  12. ^ Weil, Matthias. New Silver Tellurates – The Crystal Structures of a Third Modification of Ag2Te2O6 and of Ag4TeO5. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 2007, 633 (8): 1217–1222. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.200700106. 
  13. ^ Kratochvíl, B.; Podlahová, J.; Jenšovský, L. Sodium potassium ditellurate(VI) hexahydrate. Acta Crystallographica Section B. 1978, 34 (1): 256–258. ISSN 0567-7408. doi:10.1107/S056774087800271X可免费查阅. 
  14. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 712. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  15. ^ Paetzold, R.; Amoulong, H.; Růžička, A. Untersuchungen an Selen-Sauerstoff-Verbindungen. XXVI. Schwingungsspektrum und Kraftkonstanten des Diselenations. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 1965, 336 (5–6): 278–285. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19653360508. 
  16. ^ Haas, Helmut; Jansen, Martin. Octahedral SeO66− and Square-Pyramidal SeO54−, Two New Oxoselenate Anions. Angewandte Chemie. 2000, 39 (23): 4362–4364. ISSN 1433-7851. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4362::AID-ANIE4362>3.0.CO;2-S. 
  17. ^ Orosel, Denis; Dinnebier, Robert; Jansen, Martin. High-Pressure Synthesis and Structure Determination of K6(SeO4)(SeO5), the First Potassium Orthoselenate(VI). Inorganic Chemistry. 2006, 45 (26): 10947–10950. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 17173453. doi:10.1021/ic061548v. 
  18. ^ Haas, H.; Jansen, M. Na4SeO5, ein neues Pentaoxoselenat(VI) – Synthese, Charakterisierung und Vergleich mit isotypem Na4MoO5. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 2001, 627 (4): 755–760. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200104)627:4<755::AID-ZAAC755>3.0.CO;2-L. 
  19. ^ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. Inorganic Chemistry 3rd. Prentice Hall. 2008. ISBN 978-0131755536. 
  20. ^ Drago, R. S. Physical Methods for Chemists 2nd ed.; Surfside Scientific Publishers: Gainesville, FL 1992.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
碲酸盐
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?