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碰和.
碰和,是中國清朝葉子戲、骨牌的一種玩法[1]。
葉子戲的碰和,也可稱碰湖[2]、碰壶[3],是流傳於中國明末到清朝的傳統牌類遊戲玩法,流行於清朝江浙地區,有種玩法叫十湖[3][4]。碰和為默和的演變[5][6]。後人將類似這些玩法的葉子戲叫碰和牌,後衍生出麻將前身之一花將牌[7][8]。
《紅樓夢》第四十七回,賈母、鳳姐、鴛鴦所玩的就是類似碰和的遊戲[5]。一些地方傳統紙牌玩法類似碰和,也使用120張、150張,有些差別些增加數張百搭牌,如南通長牌。
牌具屬於水滸牌。牌種同默和,但每種四張或五張,共一百二十張或一百五十張。
玩法細節不詳,但已具有麻將的碰、槓牌規則。四到六位玩家各分二十張,其餘為公共牌堆。也有記載是四人遊戲,一人輪流當夢家[3]。牌要需要組成六面子為胡牌,每面子為三張同門數字相連的順子,或三張同牌的刻子[6][1]。碰和因為和牌只需十八張,有兩張閒牌可扣住,遊戲性沒有麻將好[5][1]。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 宋會群、苗雪蘭. 《中國博奕文化史》. 台灣: 社會科學文獻出版社. 2010-08-01. ISBN 9787509716854 (中文(繁體)).
- ^ 明·《天雨花》:“ 半城笑道,这等説是个老赌脚了,但时下兴作碰湖,不知苏兄可精於此道否?”
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 清·李斗《扬州画舫录》:“画舫多作牙牌、叶格诸戏……次之碰壶,以十壶为上,四人合局,三人轮斗,每一人歇,谓之作梦。”
- ^ 徐珂《清稗類鈔·賭博類》:「紙牌,長二寸許,橫廣不及半寸,其製仿馬弔牌而損益之。四人合局,曰碰和,江、浙間盛行之。」
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 郭雙林、蕭梅花. 《中國賭博史》. 中國: 文津出版社. 1996. ISBN 9789576683688 (中文(简体)).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 徐珂《清稗類鈔·賭博類》:「又或於六十頁之外,更加一具,為一百二十頁,則每種各四頁。或更加半具為一百五十頁,則每種各五頁,可集五六人為之。每人各得二十頁以外,其餘頁皆掩覆,次第別抹以備棄取。名曰碰和,原本默和之法而推衍之。抹得三頁同色者曰坎,曰碰,四頁同色者曰開招,五頁同色者最難得,曰活招。相傳為明末人在囹圄中所製,藉以自遣者,故有此等名目。或就其中數頁間,塗以金,抹得者,以一頁代二頁,謂之碰金和。明末士大夫多好之。又有曰獻、曰闖之目,方言俚語,不能具舉,而識者以為流寇之讖,亦異聞也。」
- ^ 連雅堂《雅堂先生集外集·麻雀考原》:「花將牌,由碰和牌蛻變而來,碰和牌每具二十一色,與宣和骨牌同,惟每色五張,每具一百零五張,張數較宣和骨牌為多,此牌在光緒初年已不流行,花將牌牌色、張數、與碰和牌同,惟每色中有二張增繪花枝稱為花牌。以天、地、人和四色為將牌,故稱花將牌,亦稱花和牌。」
- ^ 連雅堂《雅堂先生集外集·麻雀考原》:「其更蛻變為馬將牌也,則受花將牌之影響,默和牌每色可增為四張,既與馬將牌相類,么頭三色,卽馬將牌之中發白,為馬弔牌中紅千萬勝空湯之變相,惟默和牌中無東西南北四色,此四色乃花將牌中天地人和四將之變相也。其稱為馬將者,蓋取馬吊牌之馬與花將牌之將相合而成。」
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