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矽酸鹽

硅氧四面体
SiO44−的阴离子结构

化學上,矽酸鹽指由組成的化合物(SixOy),有時亦包括一或多種金屬和或。它亦用以表示由二氧化矽矽酸產生的

在普通情況下,最穩定的矽化合物是二氧化矽(SiO2)——俗稱石英,和類似的化合物。二氧化矽經常有微量的矽酸(H4SiO4)處於平衡狀態。化學家認為石英是不可溶解的,但在長時間尺度下,它是可以流動的。此外,在鹼性條件下,會出現H2SiO42−。大部分矽酸鹽都是不可溶解的。

矽酸鹽礦物的特徵是它們的正四面體結構,有時這些正四面體以錬狀、雙鍊狀、片狀、三維架狀方式連結起來。按正四面體聚合的程度,矽酸鹽再細分為:島狀矽酸鹽類、環狀矽酸鹽類等。

地質學天文學上,矽酸鹽指一種由矽和氧組成的岩石(通常為SiO2或SiO4),有時亦包括一或多種金屬和或。此類岩石包括花崗岩輝長岩等。地球及其他類地行星的大部分地殼均以矽酸鹽組成。

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矽酸鹽
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