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矿产资源.
矿产资源,是指由地质作用形成的,具有利用价值的,有固态、液态和气态的自然资源。
分类
- 能源矿产:能源矿产主要有石油、天然气、煤、泥炭、铀矿等;在能源消费结构中,能源矿产仍占90%左右,是人们获取能量的主要源泉。
- 金属矿产:能够为工业上提取金属原料的矿物;一般划分为有色金属矿、黑色金属矿、贵金属矿、稀有金属矿等。
- 非金属矿产:能够提取非金属元素、化合物、能直接利用的岩石或矿物集合体;主要有金刚石、石墨、石棉、云母、二氧化硅等等。
成因
矿产的形成作用一般有:
- 岩浆作用:形成的矿床是元素富集过程的结果;有些矿床是早期晶体分离形成的,有些是由晚期岩浆作用形成的。
- 变质作用:岩浆岩及其侵入围岩的接触带处经常发现矿床,该区以接触变质作用为特征。
- 沉积作用:在搬运过程中,风和流水使沉积物按大小、形状、密度分选;比如砂、砾石都是由风和流水搬运、沉积形成的;沉积作用还可形成金、金刚石砂矿等矿物。
- 风化作用:可使一些物质达到一定浓度,并具有开采价值;比如富铝火成岩风化后的残留土壤中,使难溶的含水氧化铝、氧化铁相对富集,形成铝矿。
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