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石墨慢化反应堆

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石墨慢化反应堆简称石墨反应堆石墨堆,是一类利用核石墨作为中子慢化剂核反应堆。石墨慢化反应堆技术已被用于商业发电

类型

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石墨慢化反应堆主要分为以下几个类型:

  • 气冷反应堆
    • 镁诺克斯型反应堆(Magnox
    • 改进型气冷反应堆(AGR

历史

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1942年,恩里科·费米及其率领的团队制造出首个能通过核反应释放少量的的石墨慢化装置(芝加哥1号堆Chicago pile-1),该装置也是世界上第一个核反应堆。该反应堆(实质为一个原子堆,atomic pile)的建设与测试是曼哈顿计划的一部分。该研究为后来也为橡树岭国家实验室的世界上首个可持续运行的核反应堆(X-10石墨反应堆X-10 Graphite Reactor)的建设提供了技术与经验。X-10于1943年投入运作。

事故

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  • 德国于1976年开始运行的石墨慢化AVR反应堆在使用过程中因燃料温度不稳定、局部温度高于最高额定温度,使回路受到严重的放射性同位素(主要为铯-137锶-90)沾污。该核电站于1988年关闭。
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石墨慢化反应堆
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