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石匱書

《石匱書》武宗本纪

《石匱書》,是一部紀傳體明史,明清張岱撰,起自洪武,迄於天啟,凡二百二十卷。有〈本紀〉、〈志〉、〈世家〉、〈列傳〉。

《石匱書》始撰於明崇禎元年(1628年),自序道:“經十七年,明亡後,攜副本屏跡深山,又十年而成書,五易其稿,九正其訛。”,脫稿後猶時加刪改,“事必求真、語必務確,五易其稿,九正其訛,稍有未核,寧缺勿書”,前後歷五十年。〈志〉和〈列傳〉有總論和附論,有“石匱書曰”為評論。《石匱書》因崇禎朝無〈實錄〉和〈起居注〉,材料不全,止於天啟。內容分:〈本紀〉、〈志〉、〈世家〉、〈列傳〉;〈志〉有天文、地理、禮樂、科目、百官、河渠、刑名、兵革、馬政、鹽法、漕運、藝文諸目。〈列傳〉下有循吏、獨行、行人、儒林、文苑、妙藝、方技、隱逸、名宦、宦者、勝國遺臣、盜賊、兀良哈、朵顏三衛、朝貢各國。

順治年間浙江谷應泰提督浙江學政,編《明史紀事本末》,以五百金購買《石匱書》,宗子因家貧慨然予之。谷應泰的《明史紀事本末》多取材自此書。康熙初年,谷應泰編修《明史紀事本末》時,張岱參與其中,得以望見崇禎朝的大量史料,如崇禎朝《邸報》,於是開始強化《石匱書》細節的鋪陳,並著手撰寫關於崇禎朝和南明史事的《石匱書後集》,分本紀、世家、列傳,體例一如《石匱書》,共六十三卷,附錄一卷。康熙三年(1664年)《石匱書》竣工,張岱仍繼續潛心撰寫《石匱書後集》。

邵廷采將《石匱書》與談遷國榷》並稱:“明季稗史雖多,而心思漏脫,體裁未備,不過偶記聞見,罕有全書。惟談遷編年,張岱列傳,兩家俱有本末。”邵廷采又說:“沉淫於有明一代紀傳,名曰《石匱書》。以擬鄭思肖之鐵函心史也。至於興廢存亡之際,孤臣貞士之操,未嘗不感慨流連隕涕,三致意也。”溫睿臨南疆逸史》亦稱“兩家體裁較他稗史獨完具,而岱、遷于君臣朋友之間,天性篤至,其著書也征實覆核,不矜奇門,文以作者自居,故儒林尚之。”

參考書目

[编辑]
  • 史景遷:《前朝夢憶——張岱的浮華與蒼涼》
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石匱書
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