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盤陀訶羅

盤陀訶羅馬來語bendahara)又译为宰相,為十九世紀之前;歐洲勢力未進入馬來西亞之前,該地區重要的行政官職,此職位不但於平時管理國家內外政事,戰爭爆發時亦領導軍隊參戰,即相當於中國宰相樞密使伊斯蘭世界維齊爾。地位僅次於統治者,此官職於马六甲苏丹王朝霹雳苏丹国柔佛苏丹国尤其重要。該官職通常由地區統治者蘇丹任命,並擁有頗重權力,該官職能世襲。

起源

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盤陀訶羅(以下称宰相)的职位最早起源于马六甲苏丹王朝,地位僅次於国家蘇丹,也是王国内可以接近苏丹的3个职位之一。在马来人编写《马来史记》中,宰相在王国内除了拥有重大的行政权力之外,对苏丹也有重大的影响。

宰相职位是由不具王族血统的贵族担负,而其儿女通常是苏丹的配偶而成为外戚,因此对左右王位继承人的人选,有着重大的影响力,如果苏丹没有子嗣,还可以继承王位。当苏丹外出时,宰相得代行苏丹权限。

宰相在战争时期,是军队的最高统帅,对军队的指挥影响頗重。由于宰相职位可以世襲,因此宰相的家族多是担责王国军队的重要官员,如天猛公职位。因此,当苏丹逃亡外地时,宰相便是苏丹唯一的保护人。

參考資料

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盤陀訶羅
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