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不列颠统治者 (盎格鲁-撒克逊时代)

盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》的827年条目,共列举了8位不列颠统治者。

不列颠统治者古英語Bretwalda,也拼作BrytenwaldaBretenanwealda),音译为布雷特瓦尔达,是一个古英语词汇,首次记录于9世纪末的《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》。它被用来称呼从5世纪开始盎格鲁-撒克逊诸王国的一些统治者,这些人成为了其它(一些或全部)盎格鲁-撒克逊王国的宗主。不清楚这个词是在5世纪就开始被用以称呼那些国王,还是直到9世纪才被发明。这个词也出现在统一英格兰威塞克斯国王埃塞尔斯坦的一份特许状中。

从7世纪中叶到9世纪初期,总地来说麦西亚的统治者是当时的盎格鲁-撒克逊诸王中最强大的,但编年史却没有为他们冠以这个头衔,普遍认为这是编年史的反麦西亚偏见导致的。《威尔士年鉴》则一直认可诺森布里亚国王是“撒克逊人的国王”,直到716年诺森布里亚的奥斯雷德一世英语Osred I of Northumbria死亡。

不列颠统治者列表

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诺森布里亚的埃德温,约翰·斯皮德的著作《撒克逊七国时代》(1611年)插画

《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》列出的不列颠统治者

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有相似或更大权力的麦西亚统治者

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参见

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参考文献

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  • Fanning, Steven. "Bede, Imperium, and the Bretwaldas." Speculum 66 (1991): 1–26.
  • Wormald, Patrick. "Bede, the Bretwaldas and the Origins of the Gens Anglorum." In Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society, ed. P. Wormald et al. Oxford, 1983. 99–129.
  • Charles-Edwards, T. M. "The continuation of Bede, s.a. 750. High-kings, kings of Tara and Bretwaldas." In Seanchas. Studies in early and medieval Irish archaeology, history and literature in honour of Francis J. Byrne, ed. Alfred P. Smyth. Dublin: Four Courts, 2000. 137–45.
  • Dumville, David "The Terminology of Overkingship in Early Anglo-Saxon England." In The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration period to the Eighth Century. An Ethnographic Perspective, ed. J. Hines (1997): 345–65
  • Keynes, Simon. "Bretwalda." In The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, ed. Michael Lapidge et al. Oxford, 1999.
  • Kirby, D. P. The Making of Early England. London, 1967.
  • Wormald, Patrick. "Bede, Beowulf and the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy." In Bede and Anglo-Saxon England. Papers in honour of the 1300th anniversary of the birth of Bede, ed. R. T. Farrell. BAR, British series 46. 1978. 32–95.
  • Yorke, Barbara. "The vocabulary of Anglo-Saxon overlordship." Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 2 (1981): 171–200.
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不列颠统治者 (盎格鲁-撒克逊时代)
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