For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 白鬼.

白鬼

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2023年8月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议,译文需在编辑摘要注明来源,或于讨论页顶部标记((Translated page))标签。
"A pair of Georgia crackers" as depicted by illustrator James Wells Champney in the memoir The Great South by Edward King, 1873


白鬼,即英文中的cracker,是起源於美國南部的歧視用語,指的是貧窮的白人農民[1]和擅自佔地者。

這字可能起源於蘇格蘭蓋爾語中craic這個詞,意思是“大聲交談,吹牛的談話”[2][3],今天在愛爾蘭,蘇格蘭和英格蘭北部仍然使用這個詞的這種解釋。

他們的祖先是英國的流浪漢、罪犯、孤兒、阿爾斯特蘇格蘭人威爾士人移民,他們主要生活在弗吉尼亞州馬里蘭州卡羅萊納省佐治亞州佛羅里達州,經常被官員視為不守法和不禮貌。

他們主要是替大地主工作的佃農和牧牛人(在美國獨立前他們其中一個生計是偷竊和盜獵)。

這字也偶爾被非裔美國人揶揄貧窮美國南部白人時使用(現在被視為仇恨言論字眼)。[4]

參考

[编辑]

Brown, Roger Lyle. Ghost Dancing on the Cracker Circuit: The Culture Festivals in the American South (1997)

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^   Chisholm, Hugh (编). Cracker. Encyclopædia Britannica 7 (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press: 359. 1911. 
  2. ^ Dolan, Terence P. A Dictionary of Hiberno-English. Gill & MacMillan. 2006: 64. ISBN 978-0-7171-4039-8. 
  3. ^ Old times there are just not quite forgotten. Irish Literary Supplement. 2006-09-22, 26 (1): 12–13 (English). 
  4. ^ Foreman, Tom. 'Cracker' conveys history of bigotry that still resonates. CNN. 2013-07-02 [2024-07-19]. 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
白鬼
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?