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白羊國.
白羊,古代國家,位於今中國鄂爾多斯高原與河套地區一帶,其王稱河南王,後被併入匈奴,成為匈奴附屬國。漢武帝時,遭衛青擊敗,國亡,其領土被設為朔方郡。
白羊國早期歷史不詳,很早就在河套地區居住,其王稱河南王。在冒頓單于時代,與樓煩一同被匈奴擊敗[1],成為匈奴下的附庸國[2]。
前127年,衛青擊敗樓煩王、白羊王,取得河套地區,建立朔方郡[3]。漢武帝在此地建立屬國[4]。
- ^ 《史記》〈匈奴列傳〉:「東胡初輕冒頓,不為備。及冒頓以兵至,擊,大破滅東胡王,而虜其民人及畜產。既歸,西擊走月氏,南并樓煩、白羊河南王。」
- ^ 《史記》〈劉敬叔孫通列傳〉:「劉敬從匈奴來,因言:『匈奴河南白羊、樓煩王,去長安近者七百里,輕騎一日一夜可以至秦中。……』……乃使劉敬徙所言關中十餘萬口。」《史記集解》:「張晏云:『白羊,匈奴國名。』」《史記索隱》:「張晏云:『白羊,國名。』二者並在河南。河南者,案在朔方之河南,舊並匈奴地也,今亦謂之新秦中。」
- ^ 《史記》〈衛將軍驃騎列傳〉:「元狩元年,……。明年,匈奴入殺遼西太守,虜略漁陽二千餘人,敗韓將軍軍。漢令將軍李息擊之,出代;令車騎將軍青出雲中以西至高闕。遂略河南地,至於隴西,捕首虜數千,畜數十萬,走白羊、樓煩王。遂以河南地為朔方郡。」
- ^ 《史記》〈衛將軍驃騎列傳〉:「元狩二年……其秋……居頃之,乃分徙降者邊五郡故塞外,而皆在河南,因其故俗,為屬國。」
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