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雷尼尔山

雷尼爾峰
雷尼爾峰在美国的位置
雷尼爾峰
雷尼爾峰
雷尼爾峰的位置
最高点
海拔4,392米(14,409英尺) [1] NAVD88
地形突起度4,037米(13,245英尺) [1]
列表十年火山
坐标46°51′11.9″N 121°45′35.6″W / 46.853306°N 121.759889°W / 46.853306; -121.759889
地理
位置 美国华盛顿州
山脈喀斯开山脉
地质
岩石年代500,000年
山脈類型复式火山
最近噴發1894年11至12月[2]
攀山
首次登頂1870年
Hazard Stevens與P. B. Van Trump
最简路线英语Normal route岩/冰攀

雷尼爾峰[3][4](英語:Mount Rainier),亦稱塔科马山(Mount Tacoma)或塔霍马山(Mount Tahoma),是一座活火山,屬於層狀火山,位在美国華盛頓州皮爾斯县境內,也位於西雅圖東南方54英里(87公里)處。雷尼爾峰也是喀斯開山脈的最高峰,海拔4,392公尺。[5]雷尼爾峰也被劃分在雷尼爾峰國家公園的範圍內。雷尼爾峰被认为是世界上最危险的火山之一,被列入十年火山列表。[6]由于庞大的冰川,雷尼爾峰有可能引发巨大的火山泥流,将威胁到整个皮阿拉普河山谷。[7]

名稱

美国西北部的美洲原住民称雷尼爾峰为塔科马(Tacoma)或塔霍马(Tahoma),"水之母(mother of waters)"或"高于贝克山(larger than Mount Baker)"之意(贝克山海拔3,286公尺)。雷尼爾峰目前的名字是由乔治·温哥华命名以纪念他的朋友海军少将Peter Rainier。[8]

歷史

英国探险家乔治·温哥华在1792年五月初抵达普吉特海湾,成为第一位看到这座高耸山脉的欧洲人。[8]Hazard Stevens与P. B. Van Trump在1870年成功首登雷尼爾峰。[9][10]1890年Fay Fuller协同Van Trump和其他三位队友,成為第一位首登雷尼爾峰的女性。[11]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Mount Rainier, Washington. Peakbagger.com. [January 1, 2016]. 
  2. ^ Rainier. 全球火山作用计划. 史密森尼学会. [2008-08-27]. 
  3. ^ 周定国. 世界地名翻译大辞典. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司. 2007. ISBN 978-7-5001-0753-8. 
  4. ^ Rainier, Mount - 雷尼爾峰. 雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網. 國家教育研究院. [2021-01-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-28) (中文(臺灣)). 
  5. ^ Hill, Craig. Taking the measure of a mountain. The News Tribune. 2006-11-16 [2008-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2006-11-16). 
  6. ^ Decade Volcanoes. CVO. USGS. [2012-12-07]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-03). 
  7. ^ Driedger, C.L.; K.M. Scott. Mount Rainier – Learning to Live with Volcanic Risk. Fact Sheet 034-02. U.S. Geological Survey. March 1, 2005 [2008-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2010-07-20). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Historical Notes: Vancouver's Voyage. Mount Rainier Nature Notes. 1929, VII (14) [2015-02-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-17).  引用错误:带有name属性“npsNatureNotes”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  9. ^ Haines, Aubrey L. Mountain fever : historic conquests of Rainier. Original publisher: Oregon Historical Society; Republished by University of Washington. 1999 [1962]. ISBN 0-295-97847-3. 
  10. ^ Hazard Stevens photographs, c. 1840s-1918. University of Oregon Libraries Historic Photograph Collections. University of Oregon. March 2006 [2008-05-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-04). 
  11. ^ Bragg, Lynn. More than Petticoats: Remarkable Washington Women 2nd. Globe Pequot. 2010. 

外部連結

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雷尼尔山
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