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玻利維亞地理

玻利維亞地形圖

玻利維亞是南美的一個具有獨特地理特徵的國家。玻利維亞是南美僅有的兩個內陸國(另一個是巴拉圭),並且農村人口超過城市人口。玻利維亞主要的地形有阿爾蒂普拉諾高原安第斯山脈的的喀喀湖等。的的喀喀湖面積9064平方公里,是南美第二大的湖泊,也是地球上最大的可通航的湖泊。玻利維亞的最高峰是薩哈馬火山,海拔高度6,542米。玻利維亞東部地勢較低,西部地勢較高。玻利維亞的對蹠點大多對應南中國海地區。東部地區的氣候也比西部要濕潤。山區內的盆地則集中了不少人口。

玻利維亞東部山脈自南向北將玻利維亞分成兩個部分。山脈東側是亞馬遜河流域的低低平原,西側是山區和高原地形。西部的高原地區降水稀少,但北部相對略多,南部幾乎沒有降水。東部低地雖然佔玻利維亞國土面積超過三分之二,但人口稀少。地形和氣候的差異將該區域分為三個地區。北部被熱帶雨林覆蓋。中部氣候相對乾燥,植被多是森林或稀樹草原,大多數土地已被開墾。低地地區的最大城市圣克鲁斯-德拉谢拉及玻利維亞大部分石油和天然氣資源都位於這一地區。東南部地區屬於大查科地區。該地區一年中有九個月幾乎沒有降水,另外三個月卻經常因大雨而發生洪水,因此人口密度稀少。

氣候

按柯本氣候分類法劃分的玻利維亞氣候

玻利維亞可分為三個氣候區,分別是安第斯山脈(佔國土面積的28%)、副安第斯山脈(佔國土面積的13%)、平原(佔國土面積的59%)。玻利維亞的氣候受地面高度的很大影響[1]

參考資料

  1. ^ Abadi, Azar M.; Rowe, Clinton M.; Andrade, Marcos. Climate regionalization in Bolivia: A combination of non‐hierarchical and consensus clustering analyses based on precipitation and temperature. International Journal of Climatology. 2020, 40 (10): 4408–4421. ISSN 0899-8418. doi:10.1002/joc.6464 (英语). 

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玻利維亞地理
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