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缩水甘油

2,3-环氧-1-丙醇[1][2]
IUPAC名
Oxiranylmethanol
别名 缩水甘油
环氧丙醇
2,3-环氧-1-丙醇
识别
CAS号 556-52-5  ☒N
556-52-5  checkY
556-52-5 外消旋
57044-25-4 (R)-
60456-23-7 (S)-
PubChem 11164
ChemSpider 10691
SMILES
 
  • OCC1CO1
InChI
 
  • 1/C3H6O2/c4-1-3-2-5-3/h3-4H,1-2H2
InChIKey CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYAN
ChEBI 30966
KEGG C10920
性质
化学式 C3H6O2
摩尔质量 74.08 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体
密度 1.1143 g/cm³
熔点 -54 °C
沸点 167 °C(分解)
溶解性 可溶
溶解性(其他) 溶于低级
不溶于脂肪烃[3]
蒸氣壓 1.2 hPa (20 °C)
折光度n
D
1.4311 (20 °C)[4]
危险性
警示术语 R:R21/22,R23,R36/37/38,R45,R60,R68
安全术语 S:S45,S53
欧盟分类 有毒(T
NFPA 704
2
4
3
 
闪点 71.5 °C[4]
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

缩水甘油,分子式C3H6O2

性质

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无色几乎无臭液体。与水、低碳乙醚氯仿甲苯混溶,部分溶于四氯乙烯二甲苯1,1,1-三氯乙烷,几乎不溶于脂肪烃脂环烃。可通过皮肤吸收进入人体,可腐蚀皮肤、呼吸系统、眼部和胃肠道粘膜。

制备

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过氧化氢为氧化剂,催化(如NaHWO4)、温度40~45°C、pH=4~5下对烯丙醇进行环氧化,得到缩水甘油。分离出副产丙烯醛和多余原料烯丙醇,经真空蒸馏,制得缩水甘油成品。

用途

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用作纤维和塑料改性剂、环氧树脂稀释剂、杀菌剂、卤代烃稳定剂、食品保藏剂、芳烃萃取剂和制冷系统干燥剂等。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 4385.
  2. ^ Record of Glycidol in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA英语Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  3. ^ Glycidol. In: Römpp Chemie-Lexikon, Thieme Verlag, Stand März 2002.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 中国化工产品大全 上卷,Da103 缩水甘油,页498
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缩水甘油
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