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王子午鼎 .
2016年,王子午鼎的其中一件在杭州 良渚博物院 “鼎盛中华”特展中展出 王子午鼎 是河南省 南阳市 淅川县 下寺楚国墓群 2号墓中出土的一组七个鼎 ,是王子午 制作于公元前558-552年的春秋时期 ,属于是国家一级文物 。
7件鼎分别编号为M2:34、38、36、30、40、28、32,它们的外形、铭文均一样,只有大小的区别。34号鼎最大,高68厘米、直徑66公分,但仅残重93公斤;36号鼎现存最重,达111.7公斤,但高只有62.5公分、直徑60公分;32号鼎最小,高61.3公分、直徑58公分,重只有80.2公斤。[ 1] :112-125
这些鼎采用失蜡法 铸成。
鼎内铭文拓片(M2:32) 鼎内的铭文(M2:30) 每件鼎内都有相同内容的铭文:“隹正月初吉丁亥,王子午睪其吉金,自作䵼彝脀鼎,用亯以孝于我皇且文考,用蕲眉寿,𠧪龚舒迟,畏忌趩趩,敬氒盟祀,永受其福。余不畏不差,惠于政德,惄于威义,阑阑兽兽,令尹子庚,殹民之所敬,万年无諆,子孙是制。”[ 2]
意思是说:在(楚康王 ?年的)正月初的丁亥日,王子午 选择了精美的铜 ,铸造了礼器“脀鼎”,用以祭祀我们伟大的先祖(楚)文王 ,来祈求长寿;(王子午)又低头从容、小心翼翼、恭恭敬敬地进行盟祀,(祈求)永远受到福泽。我不畏惧也不软弱,既给人民施以德政,又能以身作则,保护守卫(楚国)。令尹 子庚 ,受到全体民众所敬重。希望子孙后代,永远按照上边的话,作为自己行动的准则。[ 2]
關於「余不畏不差」的解釋,學界頗有爭議,「畏」有「畏」(畏懼)、「威」(威猛)、「愧」(慚愧)、「猥」(隨便、苟且)、「違/回」(邪僻)等多種說法,「差」有「軟弱」、「墮」(懈怠不敬)、「差謬、差忒」諸說。[ 3]
^ 河南省文物研究所; 河南省丹江库区考古发掘队; 淅川县博物馆. 淅川下寺春秋楚墓 . 北京: 文物出版社. 1991-10. ISBN 7-5010-0458-7 . OCLC 29545133 .
^ 2.0 2.1 赵世纲; 刘笑春. 王子午鼎铭文试释 . 文物. 1980, (10): 27–30 [2021-09-14 ] . ISSN 0511-4772 . (原始内容存档 于2021-09-14).
^ 蒋文. 春秋金文“不(畏攵)不差”新解 . 语言科学. 2021, (20.6): 664–669 [2022-01-20 ] . ISSN 1671-9484 . (原始内容 存档于2022-01-20).
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