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猎骄靡

猎骄靡(约前177年—前2世纪约前105年),中亚古国乌孙昆莫(君主之號)。

猎骄靡是乌孙昆莫难兜靡之子,难兜靡率部游牧于敦煌、祁连山一带的河西走廊。史载其出生后不久,约前177年(汉文帝三年),左右乌孙即被敌国袭破,难兜靡被杀,部众逃亡到匈奴。猎骄靡被遗臣携往匈奴,传说其曾被烏鴉所救,因此得以被冒顿单于收养。[1]

猎骄靡成人后,受命统兵,有功。匈奴军臣单于将收留的乌孙残部交给其统领,命其守卫西境。猎骄靡遂在匈奴右贤王部的协助下,于前161年左右击败了西迁定居于伊犁河流域的大月氏,经过30多年的征战,猎骄靡征服了金山天山一带的大片土地,东接匈奴,西连康居大宛,定都赤谷城,控弦数万。

军臣单于死后,羽翼已丰的猎骄靡不再臣服于匈奴,击败了前来征讨的匈奴军队,取得了半独立地位。前119年,中国汉朝使节张骞通使乌孙,归国后极力主张招请乌孙迁回祁连山谷地,与汉朝同盟共抗匈奴。但是当其再次出使乌孙时,猎骄靡由于并不了解汉朝的实力,无法强行命令部众投靠汉朝。仅遣使送张骞数十匹马报谢。

猎骄靡晚年丧其长子,其子大禄和孙子军须靡争位,造成国中分裂。匈奴乘机威胁,要其与汉朝断绝关系。猎骄靡于是派人向汉武帝求婚,以马一千匹行聘。武帝以江都王刘建之女刘细君为公主妻之。猎骄靡立细君为右夫人,位在匈奴左夫人之下。不久,猎骄靡自以为时日无多,将细君转嫁于军须靡。

前105年左右,猎骄靡逝世,传位于军须靡。

注释

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  1. ^ 史记·大宛列传》中记载乌孙为匈奴所破,但《汉书·张骞传》中则记载为大月氏所破

参考资料

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猎骄靡
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