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猕猴桃碱

猕猴桃碱
IUPAC名
(7S)-4,7-Dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine
识别
CAS号 524-03-8  ☒N
PubChem 68231
ChemSpider 61533
SMILES
 
  • C[C@@H](CC1)C2=C1C(C)=CN=C2
InChI
 
  • 1/C10H13N/c1-7-3-4-9-8(2)5-11-6-10(7)9/h5-7H,3-4H2,1-2H3/t7-/m0/s1
InChIKey ZHQQRIUYLMXDPP-ZETCQYMHBZ
Beilstein 81308
ChEBI 2443
KEGG C09910
性质
化学式 C10H13N
摩尔质量 147.22 g·mol−1
熔点 25 °C(298 K)
沸点 100 - 103 °C(270 K)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

猕猴桃碱(英語:Actinidine)是一种环烯醚萜化合物,由多种植物和动物在自然界中产生。它是第一个被发现的环戊单萜生物碱。[1]它是可从缬草Valeriana officinalis)根[2]葛枣猕猴桃Actinidia polygama)以及几种处于幼虫和成虫阶段的昆虫中提取的化合物之一。[3]猕猴桃碱是一种猫引诱剂,其作用类似于猫薄荷中的活性化合物荆芥内酯[4]

某些竹节虫物种,包括Megacrania batesii津田氏大头䗛Megacrania tsudai),具有化学防御机制,当受到捕食者威胁时,其前胸腺会分泌含猕猴桃碱的物质。[5]

生物合成

[编辑]

下图显示了从L-香茅醛中生物合成猕猴桃碱的潜在方法。[6]

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Tsutsui, Minoru; Tsutsui, Ethel Ashworth. Diterpenoids. Chemical Reviews. 1959, 59 (6): 1031–1075. doi:10.1021/cr50030a003. 
  2. ^ Janot MM, Guilhem J, Contz O, Venera G, Cionga E. Contribution to the study of valerian alcaloids (Valeriana officinalis L.): actinidine and naphthyridylmethylketone, a new alkaloid. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 1979, 37 (9–10): 413–20. PMID 547813 (法语). 
  3. ^ Weibel DB, Oldham NJ, Feld B, Glombitza G, Dettner K, Boland W. Iridoid biosynthesis in staphylinid rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Philonthinae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2001, 31 (6–7): 583–591. PMID 11267897. doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00163-6. 
  4. ^ Lichman, Benjamin R.; Godden, Grant T.; Hamilton, John P.; Palmer, Lira; Kamileen, Mohamed O.; Zhao, Dongyan; Vaillancourt, Brieanne; Wood, Joshua C.; Sun, Miao; Kinser, Taliesin J.; Henry, Laura K. The evolutionary origins of the cat attractant nepetalactone in catnip. Science Advances. 2020-05-01, 6 (20): eaba0721. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..721L. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7220310可免费查阅. PMID 32426505. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0721可免费查阅 (英语). 
  5. ^ Wu, I-Hsin; Liu, Hsui-Huei; Chen, Yu-Yen; Tsai, Cheng-Lung; Yu, Yi-Ching; Hsiao, Chung-Yi; Yeh, Wen-Bin. Life cycles, phenology and genetic structure of endangered Megacrania tsudai Shiraki (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae): Male individuals from a geographic parthenogenesis species. Entomological Science. 2020, 23 (2): 183–192. S2CID 216322536. doi:10.1111/ens.12410. 
  6. ^ Funayama, Shinji; Cordell, Geoffrey A. (编). 14: Alkaloids Derived from Terpenoids. Alkaloids. Academic Press. 2015: 233–255. 
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猕猴桃碱
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