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一角鲸科

一角鲸科
化石时期:晚中新世現代 Late Miocene至Recent
白鯨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
下目: 鲸下目 Cetacea
演化支 大洋鯨類 Pelagiceti
演化支 新鯨類 Neoceti
小目: 齒鯨小目 Odontoceti
演化支 海豚类 Delphinida
总科: 海豚總科 Delphinoidea
科: 一角鲸科 Monodontidae
Gray, 1821

見內文

一角鲸科学名Monodontidae)又称 独角鲸科,在鲸下目中种类较少,现存两属两种:具有長角(僅有雄性)的一角鯨以及純白的白鯨,分布于北冰洋以及大西洋太平洋北部。两种都是中型鲸鱼,3-5 米长,具有明顯的額隆,不具有明顯的吻突也不具有背鰭,但背脊有隆起。一角鯨科物種透過各種各樣的聲音進行社交互動。和其他齒鯨一樣,牠們也會透過回聲定位探測環境[1]。白鯨棲息於大西洋太平洋的最北端,一角鯨則僅棲息於大西洋北冰洋

一角鯨科為食性多樣的肉食性動物,以魚類軟體動物及小型甲殼類為食。白鯨僅有數顆牙齒,一角鯨則只有兩顆,其中一顆在雄性會延長形成長角。妊娠期為 14 至 15 個月,多半僅會產下一頭幼鯨。幼鯨兩歲後斷奶,五至八歲達到性成熟。一角鯨為群體行動,有時族群數量可達數百頭個體[1]

分類學

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白鯨與一角鯨混種個體的顱骨,展於哥本哈根動物博物館

一角鯨科與海豚科鼠海豚科組成海豚總科。基因研究顯示鼠海豚科與一角鯨科親緣關係較近,兩者組成一演化支並於 11 百萬年前與其他海豚總科分家[2][3]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Brodie, Paul. Macdonald, D. , 编. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. 1984: 200–203. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5. 
  2. ^ Waddell, V.G. and Milinkovitch, M.C. and Bérubé, M. and Stanhope, M.J. Molecular Phylogenetic Examination of the Delphinoidea Trichotomy: Congruent Evidence from Three Nuclear Loci Indicates That Porpoises (Phocoenidae) Share a More Recent Common Ancestry with White Whales (Monodontidae) Than They Do with True Dolphins (Delphinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2000, 15 (2): 314–318. PMID 10837160. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0751. 
  3. ^ Bianucci, Pesci, Collareta, and Tinelli. A new Monodontidae (Cetacea, Delphinoidea) from the lower Pliocene of Italy supports a warm-water origin for narwhals and white whales. Journal of Vertebrate Palentology. 2019. 
  4. ^ Jorge Vélez-Juarbe and Nicholas D. Pyenson. Bohaskaia monodontoides, a new monodontid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the Pliocene of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012, 32 (2): 476–484. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.641705. 

外部連結

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一角鲸科
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