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犬粮

生狗粮、濕狗粮和乾狗糧

犬粮,或称狗粮,是人类用來喂养的食物。因人類生活型態改變,飼養狗轉趨為家中寵物,人類進而發明能長期保存、方便餵食飼料產品,發明至今已有約六十年歷史。仅在美國,2007年狗的饲养者就一年花費於購買商業化製造的狗糧總共達85億美元[1]。 一些人自己制作狗粮,或从杂货店或健康食品商店购买狗粮。

尽管犬的祖先为狼、属食肉目,犬在各种文献中除了称肉食動物的之外[2][3],也有不少称其为雜食動物[4][5][6][7]。与严格肉食動物不同,狗經過人類的馴化,可以适应各种饮食。狗不需动物蛋白,也不需大量蛋白质,即可满足基本饮食需求。狗可以健康地消化吸收各种人類食物,包括蔬菜谷物,即使在饮食中有很大比重都可以。纯肉饮食缺乏钙质,反而不适合犬类食用[4]。狼狗对比的基因分析指出,狗的基因中有一些突变增强了淀粉酶活性,令狗较为适应高淀粉饮食,可能为早期驯化的重要一步[8]。一些狗甚至带有唾液淀粉酶[9]。犬类仍然需要一些在自然界里主要由肉类提供的营养成分,例如其合成胆酸使用的牛磺酸,提升钙质吸收的维生素D,以及维持氮平衡的精氨酸[10]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Internet Archive, Ernie. Chow hounds : why our dogs are getting fatter : a vet's plan to save their lives. Deerfield Beach, Fla. : Health Communications. 2010: 13. ISBN 978-0-7573-1366-0. 
  2. ^ Bekoff, Marc. Ethics and the Study of Carnivores. Animal Passions and Beastly Virtues: Reflections on Redecorating Nature. Temple University Press. 2005-11-09: 232 [2022-04-15]. ISBN 978-1-59213-349-9. (原始内容存档于2022-04-15) (英语). 
  3. ^ Hazard, Evan B. The Mammals of Minnesota. University of Minnesota Press. 1982: 113 [2022-04-15]. ISBN 978-1-4529-0124-4. (原始内容存档于2022-04-15) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Dewey, Tanya. Canis lupus familiaris (dog). Animal Diversity Web. [2022-04-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-26) (英语). 
  5. ^ S. G. Pierzynowski; R. Zabielski. Biology of the pancreas in growing animals. Volume 28 of Developments in animal and veterinary sciences. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1999: 417. ISBN 978-0-444-50217-9. 
  6. ^ National Research Council (U.S.). Ad Hoc Committee on Dog and Cat Nutrition. Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. National Academies Press. 2006: 137. ISBN 978-0-309-08628-8. 
  7. ^ Smith, Cheryl S. Chapter 6, Omnivores Together. Grab Life by the Leash: A Guide to Bringing Up and Bonding with Your Four-Legged Friend. John Wiley and Sons. 2008. ISBN 978-0-470-17882-9. 
  8. ^ Axelsson, Erik; Ratnakumar, Abhirami; Arendt, Maja-Louise; Maqbool, Khurram; Webster, Matthew T.; Perloski, Michele; Liberg, Olof; Arnemo, Jon M.; Hedhammar, Åke. The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. Nature. 2013-03, 495 (7441): 360–364 [2022-04-15]. Bibcode:2013Natur.495..360A. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 23354050. doi:10.1038/nature11837. (原始内容存档于2022-05-18) (英语). 
  9. ^ Pajic, Petar; Pavlidis, Pavlos; Dean, Kirsten; Neznanova, Lubov; Romano, Rose-Anne; Garneau, Danielle; Daugherity, Erin; Globig, Anja; Ruhl, Stefan. Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals. eLife. 2019-05-14, 8: e44628 [2022-04-15]. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 6516957可免费查阅. PMID 31084707. doi:10.7554/eLife.44628. (原始内容存档于2022-04-30) (英语). 
  10. ^ Fascetti, Andrea J.; Delaney, Sean J. Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition. John Wiley & Sons. 2012-02-07: 76 [2022-04-15]. ISBN 978-0-8138-0657-0. (原始内容存档于2022-04-15) (英语). 
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犬粮
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