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爵床科

爵床科
化石时期:古新世至現代
Odontonema cuspidatum
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 唇形目 Lamiales
科: 爵床科 Acanthaceae
Juss.[1][2]
模式属
Acanthus
亞科

Acanthoideae
Avicennioideae
Nelsonioideae
Thunbergioideae[1]

異名

Avicenniaceae Miq., nom. cons. Justiciaceae Raf.
Mendonciaceae Bremek.
Meyeniaceae Sreem.
Nelsoniaceae Sreem.
Thunbergiaceae Lilja[1]

爵床科(学名:Acanthaceae)是双子叶植物纲中一个大,大约包括250個,2500餘植物。爵床科的模式屬為老鼠簕屬Acanthus)。

爵床科植物大部分生长在热带地区,主要是草本灌木,也有一些藤本或多刺植物,只有少数种类可以生长在温带地区,分布最广的地区为南亚中南半岛非洲巴西中美洲,在各种生境中都有分布,例如密林中、开阔森林中、灌木丛中、湿地中、峡谷中、沼泽中、海岸边、沿海红树林中等都能找到它们的踪迹。

爵床科植物一般为单对生,叶中一般含有质钟乳体,所以看起来叶表面都有条纹。是完整的,但花为两侧对称或辐射对称的,一般为总状花序或伞状花序,尤其是有典型的带颜色的苞片,有的品种苞片相当大和鲜艳。花萼4裂或5裂,管状花冠5裂或2裂,雄蕊成对,子房两室,一般朔果有两个种子,容易爆裂。大部分种类种子有一个种钩,用于从朔果中弹出。种子没有胚乳,具大胚芽。

温带最常见的是生长在欧洲南部的虾蟆花(也叫莨力花、叶蓟),高达2,大叶。

海榄雌属Avicennia)有时放到马鞭草科或自成海欖雌科,但根据分子生物学APG的分类体系,将其分入本科。

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美国种质资源信息网络(Germplasm Resources Information Network,簡稱GRIN)的分类,該科共有246

  • 刺林草属 Acanthopale C. B. Clarke
  • Acanthopsis Harv.
  • Acanthostelma Bidgood & Brummitt
  • Acanthura Lindau
  • 老鼠簕属 Acanthus L.
  • Achyrocalyx Benoist
  • 鸭咀花属 Adhatoda Mill.
  • Afrofittonia Lindau
  • Ambongia Benoist
  • Ancistranthus Lindau
  • Ancistrostylis T. Yamaz.
  • 穿心莲属 Andrographis Wall. ex Nees
  • Angkalanthus Balf. f.
  • Anisacanthus Nees
  • Anisosepalum E. Hossain
  • Anisostachya Nees
  • Anisotes Nees
  • Anomacanthus R. D. Good
  • Apassalus Kobuski
  • Aphanandrium
    • Aphanandrium narupayacuensis Cornejo, Wassh. & Exe, 2023[3]
  • Aphanosperma T. F. Daniel
  • 担药花属 Aphelandra R. Br.
  • Aphelandrella Mildbr.
  • Ascotheca Heine
  • 十万错属 Asystasia Blume
  • 白接骨属 Asystasiella Lindau
  • Ballochia Balf. f.
  • 假杜鹃属 Barleria L.
  • Barleriola Oerst.
  • Benoicanthus Heine & A. Raynal
  • 赛山蓝属 Blechum P. Browne
  • 百簕花属 Blepharis Juss.
  • Borneacanthus Bremek.
  • Boutonia DC.
  • Brachystephanus Nees
  • Bravaisia DC.
  • Brillantaisia P. Beauv.
  • Calacanthus T. Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f.
  • 杜根藤属 Calophanoides (C. B. Clarke) Ridl.
  • Calycacanthus K. Schum.
  • Camarotea Scott-Elliot
  • Carlowrightia A. Gray
  • Celerina Benoist
  • Cephalacanthus Lindau
  • Chaetacanthus Nees
  • Chalarothyrsus Lindau
  • Chamaeranthemum Nees
  • 梭果爵床属 Championella Bremek.
  • Chileranthemum Oerst.
  • Chlamydacanthus Lindau
  • Chlamydocardia Lindau
  • Chlamydostachya Mildbr.
  • 色萼花属 Chroesthes Benoist
  • 鳄嘴花属 Clinacanthus Nees,扭序花属
  • Clistax Mart.
  • 钟花草属 Codonacanthus Nees
  • Conocalyx Benoist
  • Corymbostachys Lindau
  • Cosmianthemum Bremek.
  • Crabbea Harv.
  • 十字爵床屬 Crossandra Salisb.
  • Crossandrella C. B. Clarke
  • Cyclacanthus S. Moore
  • Cylindrosolenium Lindau
  • Cyphacanthus Leonard
  • Dactylostegium Nees
  • Danguya Benoist
  • Dasytropis Urb.
  • Dichazothece Lindau
  • Dicladanthera F. Muell.
  • 狗肝菜属 Dicliptera Juss.
  • Didyplosandra Wight ex Bremek.
  • 双翅爵床属 Dipteracanthus Nees
  • Dischistocalyx T. Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f.
  • Dolichostachys Benoist
  • Drejera Nees
  • 虾衣花属 Drejerella Lindau
  • Duosperma Dayton
  • 安龙花属 Dyschoriste Nees
  • Ecbolium Kurz
  • 恋岩花属 Echinacanthus Nees
  • Elytraria Michx. : Scalystem
  • Encephalosphaera Lindau
  • Epiclastopelma Lindau
  • 可爱花属 Eranthemum L.
  • Eremomastax Lindau
  • Eusiphon Benoist
  • Filetia Miq.
  • 網紋草屬 Fittonia Coem.
  • Forcipella Baill.
  • Forsythiopsis Baker
  • Geissomeria Lindl.
  • Glossochilus Nees
  • Golaea Chiov.
  • Graphandra J. B. Imlay
  • 紫叶属 Graptophyllum Nees
  • Gymnophragma Lindau
  • 裸柱花属 Gymnostachyum Nees
  • Gynocraterium Bremek.
  • Gypsacanthus E. J. Lott et al.
  • Haplanthodes Kuntze
  • Harpochilus Nees
  • 小狮子草属 Hemiadelphis Nees
  • 半柱花属 Hemigraphis Nees
  • Henrya Nees
  • Herpetacanthus Nees
  • Heteradelphia Lindau
  • Holographis Nees
  • Hoverdenia Nees
  • Hulemacanthus S. Moore
  • 水蓑衣属 Hygrophila R. Br. (參考水蓑衣)
  • 枪刀药属 Hypoestes Sol. ex R. Br.
  • Ionacanthus Benoist
  • 叉序草属 Isoglossa Oerst.
  • Isotheca Turrill
  • Jadunia Lindau
  • Juruasia Lindau
  • 爵床属 Justicia L.
  • Kalbreyeriella Lindau
  • Kosmosiphon Lindau
  • 银脉爵床属 Kudoacanthus Hosok.
  • Lankesteria Lindl.
  • Lasiocladus Bojer ex Nees
  • Leandriella Benoist
  • 鳞花草属 Lepidagathis Willd.
  • 纤穗爵床属 Leptostachya Nees
  • Liberatia Rizzini
  • Linariantha B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm.
  • Lophostachys Pohl
  • Louteridium S. Watson
  • Lychniothyrsus Lindau
  • Marcania J. B. Imlay
  • Megalochlamys Lindau
  • Megalostoma Leonard
  • Megaskepasma Lindau
  • Melittacanthus S. Moore
  • Mellera S. Moore
  • Mendoncia Vand.
  • Metarungia Baden
  • Mexacanthus T. F. Daniel
  • Meyenia Nees
  • Mimulopsis Schweinf.
  • Mirandea Rzed.
  • Monechma Hochst.
  • Monothecium Hochst.
  • Morsacanthus Rizzini
  • 瘤子草属 Nelsonia R. Br.
  • Neohallia Hemsl.
  • Neriacanthus Benth.
  • Neuracanthus Nees
  • 紅樓花屬 Odontonema Nees[4]
  • 蛇根草属 Ophiorrhiziphyllon Kurz
  • Oplonia Raf.
  • Oreacanthus Benth.
  • Orophochilus Lindau
  • 金苞花屬 Pachystachys Nees
  • Pelecostemon Leonard
  • Pentstemonacanthus Nees
  • Perenideboles Ram. Goyena
  • Pericalypta Benoist
  • Periestes Baill.
  • 观音草属 Peristrophe Nees,九头狮子草属
  • 瓣苞蓝属 Petalidium Nees
  • 肾苞草属 Phaulopsis Willd.
  • 瓶萼爵床属 Phialacanthus Benth., 1876
  • 古巴红楼花属 Phidiasia Urb., 1923
  • 火焰花属 Phlogacanthus Nees
  • 囊芦莉属 Physacanthus Benth., 1876
  • 毛孩草属 Podorungia Baill., 1891
  • 番鸭花属 Poikilacanthus Lindau, 1895
  • 多灯芦莉属 Polylychnis Bremek., 1938
  • 杨扇花属 Populina Baill., 1891
  • Pranceacanthus Wassh.
  • 山壳骨属 Pseuderanthemum Radlk.
  • Pseudocalyx Radlk.
  • Pseudodicliptera Benoist
  • Pseudoruellia Benoist
  • Psilanthele Lindau
  • Ptyssiglottis T. Anderson
  • Pulchranthus V. M. Baum et al.
  • Pupilla Rizzini
  • Razisea Oerst.
  • 灵芝草属 Rhinacanthus Nees
  • Rhombochlamys Lindau
  • Ritonia Benoist
  • 爵床属 Rostellularia Rchb.
  • 双翅爵床属 Ruellia L. : Wild Petunia
  • Ruelliopsis C. B. Clarke
  • 孩儿草属 Rungia Nees
  • Ruspolia Lindau
  • Ruttya Harv.
  • Saintpauliopsis Staner
  • Salpinctium T. J. Edwards
  • Salpixantha Hook.
  • Samuelssonia Urb. & Ekman
  • 少君木属 Sanchezia Ruiz & Pav.
  • Santapaua N. P. Balakr. & Subr.
  • Sapphoa Urb.
  • Satanocrater Schweinf.
  • Sautiera Decne.
  • Schaueria Nees
  • Schwabea Endl. & Fenzl
  • 蓝唇花属 Sclerochiton Harv.
  • Sebastiano-schaueria Nees
  • Sericospora Nees
  • Siphonoglossa Oerst.
  • Spathacanthus Baill.
  • Sphacanthus Benoist
  • 小苞爵床属 Sphinctacanthus Benth.
  • Spirostigma Nees
  • Standleyacanthus Leonard
  • 叉柱花属 Staurogyne Wall.
  • Steirosanchezia Lindau
  • Stenandriopsis S. Moore
  • Stenandrium Nees
  • Stenostephanus Nees
  • Streblacanthus Kuntze
  • Streptosiphon Mildbr.
  • 马蓝属 Strobilanthes Blume,紫云菜属
  • Strobilanthopsis S. Moore
  • Styasasia S. Moore
  • Suessenguthia Merxm.
  • Synchoriste Baill.
  • Taeniandra Bremek.
  • 肖笼鸡属 Tarphochlamys Bremek.
  • Teliostachya Nees
  • Tessmanniacanthus Mildbr.
  • Tetramerium Nees
  • Theileamea Baill.
  • Thomandersia Baill.
  • 老鸦嘴属 Thunbergia Retz. ,山牵牛属
  • Thysanostigma J. B. Imlay
  • Tremacanthus S. Moore
  • Triaenanthus Nees
  • Trichanthera Kunth
  • Trichaulax Vollesen
  • Trichocalyx Balf. f.
  • Trichosanchezia Mildbr.
  • Ulleria Bremek.
  • Vavara Benoist
  • Vindasia Benoist
  • Warpuria Stapf
  • Whitfieldia Hook.
  • Wuacanthus Y.F. Deng, N.H. Xia & H. Peng, gen. nov.
    • Wuacanthus microdontus (W.W. Sm.) Y.F. Deng, N.H. Xia & H. Peng, 2016[5]
  • Xantheranthemum Lindau
  • Xerothamnella C. T. White
  • Yeatesia Small : Bractspike
  • Zygoruellia Baill.

图片

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Family: Acanthaceae Juss., nom. cons.. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17 [2011-07-29]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-21). 
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. 
  3. ^ Xavier Cornejo, Dieter Wasshausen, Nolan Exe and Mia Johnson. 2023. The Reinstatement of Aphanandrium (Acanthaceae), A New Species from Ecuador and Four New Combinations. Harvard Papers in Botany. 28(1); 31-36.
  4. ^ 红楼花 Odontonema strictum Nees Kuntze. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] (中文(台湾)). 
  5. ^ Yunfei Deng, Chunming Gao, Nianhe Xia and Hua Peng. 2016. Wuacanthus (Acanthaceae), A New Chinese Endemic Genus segregated from Justicia (Acanthaceae). Plant Diversity. DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.11.010

外部链接

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爵床科
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