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燧石

發現於摩爾達維亞高原白堊泥灰森諾曼期岩層的燧石
不同的燧石
用燧石制造的石斧

燧石俗称火石,是一种比较常见的岩石[1],主要由隐晶质石英(SiO2)组成[2],致密、坚硬,多为灰、黑色,敲碎后具有贝壳断口,根据其存在状态,分为两种类型:

  • 层状燧石:多与含和含的黏土层共生,分层存在,单层厚度不大,但总厚度可达几百公尺,有块状和鲕状的区别。
  • 结核状燧石:多产于石灰岩中,有球状、卵状、棒状、盘状、葫芦状、不规则状等结核体,一般只有5-15厘米,大的可达1-2米。

燧石由于坚硬,破碎后产生锋利的断口,所以是最早为石器时代的原始人所青睐,绝大部分石器都是用燧石打击制造的,燧石和铁器击打会产生火花,所以也为古代人用作取火工具,中国古代常用一小块燧石和一把钢制的“火镰”击打取火,所以燧石也叫作火石,燧石槍也是利用扳机击打火石引发火药的。现代利用燧石的坚硬性质,将燧石作为研磨的原料。

参考文献

  1. ^ Flint and Chert页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - quartzpage.de
  2. ^ General Quartz Information页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Webmineral.com (page contains java applets depicting 3d molecular structure)

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燧石
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