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燒蝕

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燒蝕(ablation)(航天科学)或消融(医学)是經由汽化、切削、侵蝕作用,去除表面材料或物質,或局部毀損目標生物組織的過程或技術。

燒蝕材料的例子如下:包括太空船升空和返回時穿越大氣層、在冰川的冰和雪、藥物被動防火保護等的生物組織材料。 這在太空物理學重返大氣層時尤其重要。

太空物理學

太空船返回球會產生極高的溫度。

太空物理學中,研究防熱盾是一個重要的課題,防熱盾一種讓太空人隔絕的屏障。當太空船返回地球是會壓縮前方大氣而產生極高的溫度,沒有防熱盾的太空船返回地球時會立刻燒毀。因此必須要研究遇熱燒熔很慢的物質。當太空船進入大氣層時,使表面會汽化,而且這汽化後的氣體會帶走大量的熱,讓防熱盾本身保持低溫,而不至於傷害裡面的太空人。

医学

在医学中,应用物理能量或化学物质,对病变组织或恶性肿瘤进行针对性局部毁损,使其凝固、坏死、汽化、炭化,且尽量不破坏邻近非靶点组织。

參見


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燒蝕
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