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焦秉贞

焦秉贞绘《历朝贤后故事》册
焦秉贞绘《陶渊明归去来辞图》扇页

焦秉貞(?—?),爾正山東濟寧州人。清代畫家、天文學家。傳教士湯若望的學生,通曉天文曆法,善畫,尤喜畫肖像

康熙年间官至钦天监五官正,供奉内廷,精於人物山水花卉及樓台亭閣等繪風。末以来西洋传教士前來中国,多以宗教画作宣传,钦天监和清廷作画的机构中有西洋人甚多。焦秉贞常与西方教士接触,熟知西方绘画技法[1]。故所画人物、山水、楼观之位置,都采取西方透视明暗画法,自近而远,自大而小。尤擅长肖像画。画人物以传统工笔重彩为主,参以西画明暗、透视方法,用西洋烘染法,“不先墨骨,纯以渲染皴擦而成”。创立了宫廷画的新风,在当时影响巨大。其从学者甚众,以冷枚陈枚唐岱最著名。他的工笔花卉精妙绝伦,参用西法,精细如界画,偃仰凹凸,阴阳背向,用西洋法画花卉实为焦秉貞始創。聖祖康熙帝為鼓勵耕織,命焦秉貞奉旨畫《耕織圖》46幅,弟子冷枚亦參與其事,耕作、絲織之工序,生動準確,細緻入微,每幅上都有聖祖題句,聖祖命雕版印行。

著作

传世作品有1672年作《汉宫春晓图》轴、1689年作《池上篇画意图》轴、1696年作《耕织图》46幅、1708年作《归去来辞意图》扇页、1726年作《张照肖像》轴,另有《列朝贤后故事》册(12页)、《山水楼阁册》、《摹王维雨中春望诗意图》、《仕女图册》,均由《石渠宝笈》著录。《仕女图册》十二页藏北京故宫博物院;《安麓村像》卷藏美国翁万戈家中。

注釋

  1. ^ 《國朝院畫錄》記載:“秉貞職守靈台,深明測算,會司有得,取西法而復通之。聖祖之獎其丹青,正以獎其理數也。”

參考資料

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焦秉贞
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