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無齒鰺

無齒鰺
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 鲹形目 Carangiformes
科: 鲹科 Carangidae
属: 无齿鲹属 Gnathanodon
种:
無齒鰺 G. speciosus
二名法
Gnathanodon speciosus
(Forsskål, 1775)
異名
  • Caranx panamensis
    Gill, 1863
  • Caranx cives
    De Vis, 1884
  • Caranx edentulus
    Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
  • Scomber speciosus
    Forsskål, 1775
  • Caranx speciosus
    Forsskål, 1775

無齒鰺(学名:Gnathanodon speciosus),又稱黃金鰺黃鸝無齒鰺,俗名為虎斑瓜,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鰺科的其中一個。其种加词speciosus”意为“好看的”、“艳丽的”。

分類及命名

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一群在巴拿馬優游的無齒鰺

本魚最早由瑞典博物學家彼得·福斯科爾於1775年首次對這一物種進行了科學描述。[1]將該物種稱為Scomber屬,該物種最初被稱為兩個名稱,即Scomber rimScomber speciosus,並將「rim」作為該物種的阿拉伯名稱的轉錄。[2]因此,當局將Scomber rim視為初級同義詞。[3]荷蘭魚類學家彼得·布萊克爾將它放入Gnathanodon屬之前,本種被轉移到Caranx屬,這個名字來源於拉丁語中的「無牙頜」。除了福斯科爾的命名之外,其他七個後來的名字也被歸為魚類,所有這些名字現在都被認為是ICZN規則下的無效初級同義詞。

分布

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本魚分布於印度太平洋區,包括紅海東非馬爾地夫斯里蘭卡印度孟加拉灣泰國馬來西亞印尼日本台灣中國菲律賓澳洲新幾內亞所羅門群島密克羅尼西亞馬紹爾群島馬里亞納群島斐濟群島諾魯吐瓦魯夏威夷群島薩摩亞群島吉里巴斯法屬波里尼西亞美國加利福尼亞州加利福尼亞灣加拉巴哥群島厄瓜多巴拿馬沿岸海域。

深度

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水深0至20公尺。

特徵

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本魚體呈橢圓形且側扁,背側輪廓比腹側輪廓略微凸起,特別是在前面。[4]下頜、鋤骨均無齒,僅舌面粗糙。體黃色,兩側有9至11條寬窄不一的黑色橫帶,隨著魚的生長,身體逐漸變成銀色,橫帶逐漸消失被深色斑點所取代,背鰭硬棘8枚、背鰭軟條18-20枚、臀鰭硬棘3枚、臀鰭軟條15-17枚,體長可達110公分,體重可達15公斤。[5][6]

生態

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本魚主要棲息於珊瑚礁區,成群活動,偶而也會進入岩石海岸及港口防波堤內,會跟隨在大型魚類後方,如鯊魚、石斑魚,甚至水母[7]屬肉食性,利用伸縮的嘴,在珊瑚礁吸食小型無脊椎動物。[8]在夏威夷,繁殖期發生在2月下旬至10月上旬,從4月下旬到9月上旬達到高峰[9];在波斯灣南部的印度洋,繁殖期發生在4月和5月。[10]

經濟利用

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無齒鰺的稚魚在布拉格的水族館

本魚自古以來都被當成食用魚,[11]本種仍然在太平洋群島使用許多傳統方法捕撈,當它遷移到較淺的水域時,將其捕獲。在較大的商業規模上,通常使用刺網和其他手工捕魚方法捕獲。西澳大利亞州的記錄表明,2010年商業漁業的黃金價格為3.3噸,[12]而昆士蘭州的漁獲量在1988年至2005年間波動在0.6至5.9噸之間。[13]2000年至2010年,糧農組織記錄的全球捕撈量從1187噸到3475噸不等。新加坡、台灣、馬來西亞和印度尼西亞等則用籠養養殖。[14]另外由於本種色澤鮮艷而且攻擊力不強,在水族箱裡又很溫馴,容易飼養。另外也可作為食用魚,適合各種烹飪方法。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Hosese, D.F.; Bray, D.J.; Paxton, J.R.; Alen, G.R. Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 35 (2) Fishes. Sydney: CSIRO. 2007: 1150. ISBN 978-0-643-09334-8. 
  2. ^ Forsskål, P.S. Niebuh, C , 编. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium. 1775: 54–56 [2011-01-16]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-27) (拉丁语). 
  3. ^ California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology. Catalog of Fishes. CAS. September 2009 [2011-01-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-03). 
  4. ^ Smith-Vaniz, W. Carangidae. Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (编). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae) (PDF). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome: FAO. 1999: 2659–2757 [2011-01-16]. ISBN 92-5-104301-9. 
  5. ^ Randall, John E. Coastal Fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 1995: 183. ISBN 0-8248-1808-3. 
  6. ^ Pepperel, J. Fishes of the Open Ocean: A Natural History and Illustrated Guide. University Of Chicago Press. 2010: 272. ISBN 978-0-226-65539-0. 
  7. ^ Honebrink, Randy R. A Review of the Biology of the Family Carangidae, with Emphasis on Species Found in Hawaiian Waters (PDF). Division of Aquatic Resources Technical Report, 20-01. Honolulu: Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2000: 17 [2011-01-16]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-20). 
  8. ^ Heemstra, P.C.; Heemstra, E. Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. NISC Pty Ltd. 2004: 488. ISBN 9781920033019. 
  9. ^ Watson, W.; Leis, J.M. Ichthyoplankton of Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: A one-year study of the fish eggs and larvae. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program Technical Reports. 1974,. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-TR-75-01. 
  10. ^ Grandcourt, E.M.; T.Z. Al Abdessalaam; F. Francis; A. Al Shamsi. Population biology and assessment of representatives of the family Carangidae Carangoides bajad and Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskal, 1775), in the Southern Arabian Gulf. Fisheries Research. 2004, 69 (3): 331–341. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2004.06.008. 
  11. ^ Potts, D.T. Before the Emirates: an Archaeological and Historical Account of Developments in the Region c. 5000 BC to 676 AD in Perspectives on the United Arab Emirates (PDF). 1997: 28–69 [2012-06-30]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-17). 
  12. ^ Department of Fisheries. Fletcher, W.J.; Santoro, K. , 编. 存档副本 (PDF). State of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Report. 2011,. 2010/11 [30 June 2012]. ISSN 1838-4161. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-09-03). 
  13. ^ Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Coastal Habitat Resources Information System. The State of Queensland. [30 June 2012]. (原始内容存档于25 July 2012). 
  14. ^ Feng, F.; L.C. Lo; G. Lin; Z.Y. Zhu; G.H. Yue. Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in a marine food fish species, golden trevally Gnathanodon specious. Molecular Ecology Notes. 2005, 5 (4): 760–761. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01055.x. 
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無齒鰺
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