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激酶

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生物化学裡,激酶(英文:kinase)是一種能夠催化从高能供体分子(如ATP)转移磷酸基团到特定靶分子(受質)的;这一过程谓之磷酸化

一般而言,磷酸化的目的是“激活”或“能化”受質,增大它的能量,以使其可参加随后的自由能负变化的反应。所有的激酶都需要存在一个二价金属离子(如Mg2+或Mn2+),该离子起稳定供体分子高能键的作用,且为磷酸化的发生提供可能性。

分类

最大的激酶族群是蛋白激酶。蛋白激酶作用於特定的蛋白質,并改变其活性。这些激酶在细胞的信号转导及其複雜的生命活动中起了廣泛的作用。其他不同的激酶作用于小分子物质(脂质氨基酸核苷等等),或者为了发出信号,或者使它们为代谢中各种生化反应作好准备。

命名法

这些激酶以其底物命名,例如:

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激酶
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