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漢生病療養院

漢生病療養院是用來隔離檢疫漢生病患者的場所。

歷史

中世紀時期,歐洲印度的痲瘋病療養院的數量增加,這些痲瘋病療養院多興建於修道院區附近。從歷史上看來,人們非常恐懼痲瘋病,因為患者的身體外觀會有明顯的傷殘,且當時無治療方法,被視為是一種不治之症。由基督教管理的療養院通常被稱為「Lazrus之屋」,是取自聖經中的一位痲瘋患者拉撒路(Lazarus)之名[1]。為了確保病患隔離,漢生病患的聚落常位於小島上,或是偏遠地區。

有些療養院有自己的交易貨幣,那是因為當時相信如果流通痲瘋病人曾持有的金錢,會造成疾病傳染。痲瘋病也受到「奢侈禁止令」的管制,若痲瘋病人要離開療養院到其他地區,必須要佩戴搖鈴以提醒一般人避開。1982年發展出漢生病的有效治療方法,同時也發現漢生病為低度傳染的疾病,約95%的人口有自然免疫,此後世界各地的漢生病療養院開始慢慢減少。有些治療方法尚不普及的地方,或是對漢生病仍有「不潔之病」刻板印象的地方,仍保有療養院。

現存的漢生病療養院

世界上知名仍保存的漢生病療養院位置列表如下:

政府政策

2001年日本公開對公立的漢生病療養院進行司法審查,從而確定日本政府虐待病人,熊本地方法院下令政府必須要對之前的病患進行補償,時任首相小泉純一郎正式向遭受系統性國家歧視的前麻風病患者道歉。[2]

參考資料

  1. ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Lazarus. (原始内容存档于2008-05-13). 
  2. ^ Koizumi apologises for leper colonies. BBC News. 2001-05-25 [2007-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-08). 
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漢生病療養院
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