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液氦

液氦
IUPAC名
Liquid helium
液氦
英文名 Liquid helium
识别
CAS号 7440-59-7 ?
PubChem 23987
性质
化学式 He
摩尔质量 4.0023 g·mol⁻¹
密度 0.125 g/cm3(液体)
熔点 (at 2.5 MPa) 0.95 K,−272.20 °C,−457.96 °F
沸点 4.222 K,−268.928 °C,−452.070 °F
危险性
NFPA 704
0
3
0
CRYO
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。
處於超流相的液氦,會在杯身內面向上緩慢攀爬,攀越過杯口,然後在杯身外面向下緩慢滑落,集結在一起,形成一滴液氦珠,最後滴落在下面的液氦裏。這樣,液氦會一滴一滴的滴落,直到杯子完全流空為止。

液氦(英語:Liquid helium)是指在極低溫的攝氏溫標-269 °C(約等於熱力學溫標4 K或者是華氏溫標-452.2 °F)時成為液體,該化學元素沸點臨界點取自於氦的同位素:較為常見的氦-4與較為少見的氦-3。其中液態氦-4在1個大氣壓(101300帕斯卡)的情況下,其密度大約是每公升125,或为水的八分之一。[1]

歷史

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1908年7月10日,荷蘭物理學家海克·卡末林·昂內斯首次將氦氣進行液化;不過當時由於質譜法仍尚未開始發展,使得科學家並沒有同時測量出關於液態氦-3的數據。發展至近10年以來,液氦主要被拿來作為低溫製冷劑並且投入商業化生產,其中又以常在核磁共振成像核磁共振物理學實驗使用的超導磁鐵最為常見。不過液氦在生產上仍存在有部分難度,目前只能夠藉由林德-汉普逊循环的方式來將氦氣液化。

特性

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數據

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參見

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參考資料

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外部連結

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液氦
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