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海蝕平臺

海蝕平臺形成示意圖

海蝕平臺,又稱浪蝕臺波蝕棚海蝕平原(英語:Wave-cut bench),是海邊懸崖下或是大湖岸邊的一個狹扁的平臺。

平台形成的時間長久,過程可參見上側圖示,一開始海崖受到海浪沖刷,在海面高低潮線的位置向岩壁侵蝕(海蝕),形成凹洞。之後,凹洞會漸漸形成較深的洞穴,在海水的持續沖刷下,洞穴無法承受上方海崖的重量而崩落,崩落後的石塊也因海水沖刷碎成小石塊,被海水帶走,最後才形成平臺。

海蚀平台一般向海倾斜,其宽度与波浪作用的强度有关,波浪作用强的地方海蚀平台宽度大,其表面并不平坦,有时有海蚀留下的海蚀柱礁石、浪蚀沟等。

藉由觀察古時形成的平臺,地質學家們可得知當時的海面或湖面高度,另外再藉由科學鑑定方法或檢定海洋化石,他們能確定平臺形成的時間。英國的地質學家就是利用此方法來估算陸地上升的速度。

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海蝕平臺
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