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海蕾

海蕾纲
化石时期:奥陶纪 - 二叠纪
五角海蕾Pentremites
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 棘皮动物门 Echinodermata
亚门: 海蕾亚门 Blastozoa
纲: 海蕾纲 Blastoidea
Say, 1825
  • 隙管海蕾目 Fissiculata
  • 喷管海蕾目 Spiraculata
  • 地位未定:
    • Macurdablastus

海蕾(sea buds[1]學名:blastoids)是一类已灭绝的棘皮动物,由於萼部形似花蕾,故得名。海蕾生存於奧陶纪二叠纪,已知約90左右,超过一半的属发现于石炭纪早期。儘管海蕾的多樣性不如它們同時代的親戚海百合,它們仍是石炭紀常見的指準化石之一。

海蕾纲(Blastoidea)在分类上属于海百合亚门(Crinozoa),也有学者将海蕾纲、拟海蕾纲(Parablastoidea)、海林檎纲(Cystoidea)及始海百合纲(Eocrinoidea)4纲划归为一个亚门,称为海蕾亞門(Blastozoa)。

特徵

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海蕾萼部的化石

海蕾的身體構造包括根、莖(柄)及冠(包含萼和腕羽)。萼(theca)较小,多为梨形或球形,由三圈鈣質骨板英语Ossicle (echinoderm)組成,分別為底板、輻板和三稜板。底板3块,下連接莖(柄)。海蕾像有柄海百合一樣,利用柄固著在海床上,不過海蕾的柄通常相對較短,有些物種無柄。位於萼部頂端,五條食物溝(步帶英语Ambulacrum (anatomy))以口為中心像花瓣一樣輻射出,上有短,用來濾取水中的微生物和有機顆粒,並沿著步帶將其運至口中[2]。口附近有五個小呼吸孔用於排水,其中較大的一個兼具肛門的功能。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Barnes, Robert D. Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. 1982: 1010. ISBN 0-03-056747-5. 
  2. ^ Cyril Walker & David Ward. 自然珍藏系列──化石圖鑑. 台灣新北市: 貓頭鷹出版社. 1996-09 (中文(繁體)). 
  • 古生物学名词审定委员会. 古生物学名词 (M) 2. 北京: 科学出版社. 2009: 56. ISBN 978-7-03-025433-7. 
  • 张永辂 刘冠邦 边立曾等. 古生物学(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地质出版社. 1988. ISBN 7-116-00148-4. 
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海蕾
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