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活性中间体

活性中间体(或稱活化錯合物/中间体/活性中間物)(Reactive intermediate)化学反应過程中產生的存在時間短,能量高,高反應性的分子.當反應產生時會快速的轉變成更穩定的分子。只有在特殊情況下才能將其分離出來並儲存,比如低溫。中間體的存在能夠幫助解釋部分化學反應如何進行。

多數化學反應為多步反應,即反應不會一次完成。且活性中間體高能量,不穩定,容易再反應變成產物。有機化學中,活性常見的活性中間體有碳正离子碳负离子自由基卡宾等。活性中間體通常難以分離,並且只能通過光譜手段觀測。有些分步進行的合成路徑涉及較穩定的中間體,例如格氏試劑的製備,碳負離子、醚和與鎂離子形成絡合物,穩定了碳負離子中間體。[1]此格式試劑再用於各種烷基化反應

例子

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Sakai, Shogo; Jordan, K. D. Ab initio study of the structure and vibrational frequencies of the Grignard reagent methylmagnesium chloride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1982, 104 (14): 4019. doi:10.1021/ja00378a047. 

參考文獻

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  • Carey, Francis A.; Sundberg, Richard J.; (1984). Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A Structure and Mechanisms (2nd ed.). New York N.Y.: Plenum Press.ISBN 0-306-41198-9.
  • March Jerry; (1885). Advanced Organic Chemistry reactions, mechanisms and structure (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc. ISBN 0-471-85472-7
  • Gilchrist T.C.; Rees C.W.; (1969) carbenes, nitrenes and arynes. Nelson. London.
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活性中间体
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