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洪聖廟

香港灣仔洪聖古廟石額

洪聖廟(又稱洪聖宮、洪聖王廟、南海神祠洪聖古廟)為祭拜海神洪聖的廟宇。

寺廟源流

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北宋海上贸易鼎盛,珠三角海运发达,码头遍布,民众为保航船平安而加多参拜南海神,民間为便祭拜而始多兴建南海神的离宫,此时南海神被封为洪圣王。这些离宫甚少称南海神庙,多称洪圣宫、洪圣庙、南海神祠,以别于南海神庙(大庙)叫法[1]。截至1949年前,广东一带的南海神庙,包含洪圣庙、广利庙等,不下于500座,远远超过同期天后庙的数目。在南海番禺两县就有100多座,有的乡多至8座,佛山镇内有4座,顺德县清代就有14座[2]。到千禧年以后,不完全统计在广府一带沿海地区、珠江三角洲地区还有二百多座洪圣王庙。

神誕

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早期香港坪洲大多数都是出海捕魚的漁民聚居,漁民西面供奉天后、東面则供奉海神洪聖爺,每年農曆二月十三日為洪聖爺誕(洪聖王誕或洪聖宮誕),南粤不少地方均有大型慶祝活動。由清乾隆年間至1950年,廣州番禺的岡尾社十八鄉都會舉辦洪聖王出會[3][註 1]

而廣州河南土華村的洪聖王誕則是農曆二月初九舉辦,傳說土華的洪聖王和黃埔南海神廟中供奉的廣利洪聖王是兩兄弟。土華洪聖王排行第三,脾氣倔而被稱為「硬頸三」。黃埔洪聖王是大哥,二哥供奉在順德。農曆二月十一為南海神廟波羅誕,土華的誕會因而有小波羅誕之稱[4]

洪聖其人

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洪聖,專稱南海洪聖大王,又稱洪聖爺或赤帝。是中國南方有名的神祇。洪聖原名洪熙,是唐代廣州刺史,他為官清廉,一袖清风, 致力推廣學習天文地理以惠澤商旅及漁民。洪熙过世後曾被封「洪聖」至宋代則被封為「南海洪聖廣利王」,成為了漁民守護神。

參見

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备注

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  1. ^ 活動之後受政治變化影響而停滯,出會所用神樓先保留於番禺石樓,後籌建廣東民間工藝館被徵集轉去陳家祠存放,於1959-1964年在廣州陳氏書院中展出。1964年展覽結束,神樓一直存於庫房,直至2016年再度保養展出。

參考來源

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外部連結

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洪聖廟
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