洄游
洄游（英語：fish migration）是少數品種的鱼類在其生命周期中相對於其原有栖息场所定期的大規模遷徙現象，從每日到每年、甚至更長的周期，從數公尺到上千公里的距離。魚類及其他海洋动物可能會因為覓食、繁殖或過冬等原因而洄游[1]。不過大部分的魚類（如鮭魚）洄游到目的地後便會死亡，只有少數會活著。
鮭魚和銀花鱸魚為著名的溯河洄游魚類，鰻魚則為降河洄游魚類。公牛鯊為廣鹽性魚類，可自由穿梭於淡水與海水之中。許多海洋魚類會進行晝夜垂直遷移，在晚上游至表層覓食，白天則潛回深海。鮪魚等魚類一年中會隨著溫度進行南北遷徙。漁業行為時常發生在這些魚類的遷徙路徑上。在淡水域的魚類進行遷徙時路徑則容易因為水壩的構築而受到阻斷。
种类
洄游雖然源於魚類，但原則上亦適用於所有物種。根据洄游的原因还可分为生殖洄游、适温洄游和索饵洄游。此外，還有以下分類[3][4]：
知名的洄游鱼类
参见
註釋
- ^ 《中国大百科全书》第三版：海洋動物的洄游. [2022-10-30]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-30）.
- ^ Atlantic Salmon Life Cycle （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Connecticut River Coordinator's Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Updated: 13 September 2010.
- ^ Myers, George S. Usage of Anadromous, Catadromous and allied terms for migratory fishes. Copeia. 1949, 1949: 89–97.
- ^ Secor, David H; Kerr L A. Lexicon of life cycle diversity in diadromous and other fishes.. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 2009, (69): 537–556.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Moyle, P.B. 2004. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA.
- ^ Silva, S., Araújo, M. J., Bao, M., Mucientes, G., & Cobo, F. (2014). The haematophagous feeding stage of anadromous populations of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: low host selectivity and wide range of habitats. Hydrobiologia, 734(1), 187-199.
- ^ Tyus, H.M. 2012. Ecology and Conservation of Fishes. Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York.
- ^ 羅永清. 芭樂人、芭樂魚、芭樂狗：試想臺灣原住民族所謂「真正的」物種. 2014-01-13 [2014-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-15） （中文（繁體））.
參考書目
- Blumm, M (2002) Sacrificing the Salmon: A Legal and Policy History of the Decline of Columbia Basin Salmon （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Bookworld Publications.
- Bond, C E (1996) Biology of Fishes, 2nd ed. Saunders, pp. 599–605.
- Hogan, C M (2008) Morro Creek （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham
- Lucas, M.C., and E. Baras. (2001) Migration of freshwater fishes. Blackwell Science Ltd., Malden, MA
- Appendix A: Migratory Fish Species in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa in Carolsfield J, Harvey B, Ross C and Anton Baer A (2004)Migratory Fishes of South America World Fisheries Trust/World Bank/IDRC. ISBN 1-55250-114-0.
外部連結
- United Nations: Introduction to the Convention on Migratory Species
- Living North Sea – International project on tackling fish migration problems in the North Sea Region
- Fish Migration Network – Worldwide network of specialist working on the theme fish migration
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